8B U5 Good manners
一. 知识点归纳： 1. politely adv. 礼貌地
eg. We should speak to the old people politely. polite ---- impolite
eg. It is impolite to laugh at others.
2. litter n. 垃圾（不可数） 近义词 rubbish （不可数） eg. Don’t dro litter/rubbish everywhere.
There is a public sign saying “No Littering”. 3. run v. 流动；跑；（车辆、机器）开动，运转 run--- ran --- run---- running eg. Don’t leave the tap .
The boy away when he saw his father. The machine very well.
4. pick v. 采摘 pick flowers in the park
①pick out 1. 挑选出;拣出 Let me pick out some good ones for you.
2. 辨认出 It's easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.
②pick up 1. 拾起 The boy picked up the hat for the old man.
2. 收拾 You should pick up the tools after work. 3. 学到;获得 He was picking up the skills quickly. 4. 与...偶然结识(常指与异性调情)
We picked up a couple of girls at the pub last Friday. 5. 搭便车
③pick off 摘掉;取走 You should not pick off any of the flowers. ④pick at 1. 吃得很少 The boy is only picking at his food.
2. 找...的岔;挑毛病 Why are you always picking at me
5. turn n. 轮流
①It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
②take turns to do sth.= do sth. in turn = do sth by turns 轮流做某事 eg. It is your turn to make a decision.
They took to do the housework.
= They did the housework turn / turns. 6. proper adj. 恰当的 英文释义：right or correct properly adv.
eg. He could not come up with a answer. I don’t think he’s doing his job .
7. shake sb’s hands= shake hands with sb. 与某人握手 shake-shook-shaken
eg. When you meet a person for the first time, you can shake his/her hands. People usually shake hands with each other when they meet. 8. kiss n. 亲吻 kisses
v. 亲吻 kiss sb. hello/goodbye 吻别 eg. Do they greet people with a kiss 9. close. adj. 亲密的 close friends 靠近的 be close to = near v. 关闭 closed adj. 关着的 反义词 open eg. His house is to the factory. Remember to he door when you leave. I found the door at that time. 10. conversation n （非正式）交谈 英文释义：a small talk conversation一般用词，指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。 dialogue指“对话”。 talk普通用词，可与conversation换用，指正式交谈。 chat指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。 eg. How do people start a conversation 11. avoid v. 避免 英文释义： try not to do sth avoid doing sth/avoid sth eg. You should avoid such mistakes. To avoid hitting the truck, he ran into the wall and his arm was badly hurt. 12. subject n. 话题；主题；科目 eg. But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money. My favourite subject is English. [辨析] class, lesson, course ①class 一节课 attend class 听课，上课 in class 在课上 eg. We have four classes in the morning. ②lesson 教材中一课 eg. I helped her with her lessons. Lesson One is more important. ③course 一段时间内学完的完整课程 eg. This term I’m taking five courses. 13.public n. 群体 in public adj. 公共的，公开的 public signs eg. The museum is open to the public every day. Don’t speak loudly in public. Do people there behave politely in public 14. push v. 推，挤 英文释义：go in front of other people who are waiting push past sb. 从某人身边挤过去 [拓展] ①push on 继续前进 The path was barely visible, but we pushed on. ②push in 插队 cut in （on sb/sth）插嘴
Don't cut in on your mother when she is speaking.
Don't cut in on other people's conversation
③push off 出发 The team pushed off before dawn.
④push along= push ahead [forward/on]奋力前进; 抓紧进行 15. in one’s/the way 挡某人路
eg. You will have to move – you are in my way. [拓展]① in a /some way 在某种程度上
②by the way 顺便说一句 By the way, how are your grandparents ③make one’s way 让路 ④on the way to……去某地 (on the way home；on the way to school) 16. touch v. 触摸，感动 n. 触摸 ①keep in touch 保持联系 ②in touch with 与…联系 ③out of touch 不了解某事 eg. Please don’t touch anything in the room. The story of the ugly man really touched me. 17. excuse. v. 原谅 excuse me 劳驾 n. 借口 (可数) 问路 Excuse me, where is the shop 客气地请求允许 Excuse me, may I ask you a question 客气地纠正别人的话 Excuse me , it is a bird. 打扰他人 Excuse me, I’d like you to move a little. eg. He made a good excuse for being late for school. 18. loudly adv. 大声地 British people don’t like to shout or laugh loudly. 19. till conj. 到…时， 直到…为止 = until（位于句首，只能用until） prep. 到…时 肯定句：动作持续到… 否定句(not…until/till)： 直到…才 eg. She watched TV until/till her mother came back. 她一直在看电视，直到她母亲回来。 （看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束。）
She didn't watch TV until/till her mother came back. 直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。 （看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生。）
Until I finished my homework, Mother didn't let me out.
20. as well (as) 也；还有 eg. British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they My brother likes playing football . = My brother likes playing football. =My brother likes playing football, . 否定句 My brother doesn’t like playing football . as well as 也；和…一样好
eg. Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.(就远原则) The boss provided lunch breakfast. He plays the guitar as well as you.（同级比较，和…一样好） 21. as conj. 正如；当…时候； 因为
eg. As you know, Julie is leaving soon. As I was coming here, I met your brother. As it was raining, I stayed at home. [拓展] ①as…as 像 ②the same… as 和…一样 ③as soon as possible 尽快地 ④as if/ though 好像 ⑤such as 比如 22. by accident/chance 偶然 hit sb./sth by accident 23. discussion n. 讨论 discuss v. 讨论 ①have a discussion with sb. 和某人讨论 ②discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事 eg. She didn’t join the . They are the problem with the teachers. 24. express v. 表达 expression n. 表达 ①beyond expression 无法形容 ②express oneself 表明态度 eg. He didn’t express himself clearly. 25. explain v. 解释 explanation n. explain (sth) to sb 像某人解释某事 explain + 从句 eg. I don’t want to explain anything. Mr Wu is patient enough to explain things to us. He explained how the machine was used. 26. keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事 keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事 keep sb/sth adj. 使…保持状态 keep sb from sth 保护，使免受 keep quiet/silent eg. keep us safe from danger I keep the window open because it is too hot. My father keeps me staying at home. Tom tried to keep himself from sleeping. 27. be busy with sth 忙于做某事 He is busy with his work day and night. be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 Millie is busy (in) writing an email. 28. warn v. 警告 ①warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人不要做某事 ②warn sb of/about sth 警告某人某事 eg. The police us go out alone at night. I him / the danger. 29. parking n. 停车 There is a public sign saying “No ”. 30. successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功
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