C. the “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely life D. the upper-upper class is of aristocratic origin 47. The “old rich” get richer_________________. A. through the Social Register B. by investing their inherited wealth C. through their reputation
D. by collecting painting and sculptures
48. The reason why the “old rich” look down upon the “new rich” is that_____. A. the former are wealthier than the latter B. the latter sweat themselves to make money
C. the “old rich” are conscious of being members of the upper class D. the “new rich” have no interest in arts
49. The upper class is also called the out-of-sight class because________. A. they don’t communicate with any people B. they spend most of their time abroad C. they move frequently from the general public D. they keep away from the general public
50. We can learn from the passage that ________________. A. the upper class is powerful and influential
B. the upper class collects rare books to make money C. the “old rich” make much more money than the “new rich” D. the upper class holds all top government positions Task 2
We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but, because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family ( immediate and extended, tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy(宗谱学can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees. Pedigrees(家谱based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption, illegitimacy or lack of records. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic
events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.
The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000DNA samples from individuals all over the world. There individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at lest four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.
In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. “For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and
looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome(染色体,”explains Ugo Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.
51. People in a large area may possess the same DNA thread because_____________.
A. DNA is characteristic of a region
B. they are beyond doubt of common ancestry C. DNA strand has the ability to identify individuals D. their unique identification can be provided via DNA
52. The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that______. A. genetics has achieved a breakthrough
B. genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed now
C. each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he is related to others
D. We can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family , a group or a population
53. The Molecular Genealogy Research Group is building a database for the purpose of _______________.
A. offering assistance in working out genealogy-related problems B. solving many issues without relying on traditional written records C. providing a pedigree chart of at least four generations in the world
D. confirming the assumption that all individuals are of the same origin 54. If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor,____. A. we can decide according to their family tree B. we can find the truth from their genetic markers C. we can compare the differences in their Y chromosome D. we can look for written records to prove their relationship 55. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage? A. We are a walking, living, breathing record of our ancestors. B. Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were.
C. An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identity. D. Molecular genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individuals. Task 3
Over two hundred years ago, Adam Smith introduced some ideas which brought about a world revolution. If we enjoy a high standard of modern society, we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher. If we enjoy driving in beautiful cars, wearing fashionable shoes, or flying away to distant places for exciting holidays, we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible. What was Adam Smith’s contribution? Like so many ideas which have surprising effects, his was a simple one. He watched workers practicing their craft of pin making. One man would heat the strip of metal, stretch it out , cut off an appropriate length, shape it, cool it and finally smooth and shine it. Smith drew attention to the advantage which could be gained if these various tasks were performed by different workers. Let one be responsible for preparing the metal,
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