传统铣床的数控化改造设计
扬州大学机械工程学院
摘 要
普通机床的数控化再制造，是一项可以可以节约大量的资金的新技术。通过对旧机床再制造后，使机床性能能接近新的机床，提高了零件的加工精度，改善了工作环境，提高了劳动生产效率，缩短了制造周期。
本文提供了一种X52k铣床的经济型数控化改造方案。X52K型立式铣床是常见的国产普通铣床，适用于中小型零件的平面、成型表面及具有一定斜度的表面的加工。改造的主要模块有：机械部分和数字控制电路部分。机械部分主要是对丝杠、驱动元件和减速齿轮的改造。改造后的系统是以步进电机为驱动执行元件的开环控制系统，控制系统使系统能够控制进给轴的转速，并实现其正反转控制工作台，实现其纵、横向和垂向进给运动，控制冷却和润滑。数字控制电路部分主要以SINUMERIK802 base line CNC对X52K铣床改造，扩大了加工范围，可以加工凸轮等形状复杂的零件，提高了加工精度和生产效率，工作性能稳定，且改造的成本也较低。
关键词： X52k，数控化，改造，开环控制， 数控系统
Abstract
The ordinary engine bed numerical control makes again, is one item may save the massive fund new technology.Through makes again after the old engine bed numerical control, causes the enginebed performance close new engine bed, increased the components processing precision, improved the working conditions, enhanced the labor productivity, reduced the manufacture cycle.
In this paper ,in base of our country’s eco- mimic condition and the expensive CNC. X52K type vertical milling machine is a common domestic ordinary milling machine, It's suitable for the medium and small parts of the plane, Molding surface and with a certain angle of the surface of the processing. In order to extend machining scope, high accuracy , small batch, and has a good condition in excitedly complicities market .So, the memorization rebuilding of X52K is so necessary and feasible. This paper provides a way of how to implement the synchronized motion of the three axes in the X 、Y and Z plane with CNC system and an open-loop control which use stepping motors as actuators on a X52K mill. The digital control circuit is mainly modification of X52K milling machine with base line CNC SINUMERIK802, Expand the range of processing, processing cam and other complex parts, improve the machining accuracy and production efficiency, stable performance, and the transformation of the cost is also lower.
KEY WORDS: X52Kmill，Numerical control，rebuilding single，open-loop control ，CNC
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