湖南成人教育学位英语[语法]重点详细解析（二）

湖南成人教育学位英语【语法】重点详细解析（一）

从句 倒装句 强调句 主谓一致 综合实例分析

一、从句：

考试涉及到的从句主要有四种，分别是定语从句、状语从句（特别是让步状语从句），宾语从句和主语从句。下面分别给同学们提示一些需要注意的问题。

1．定语从句

定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。从形式上看，限制性定语从句由who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等关系代词或when ,why, where等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现that，而且要用逗号把主句和从句分开。

1）An old friend from abroad, _____ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport . A. that B. whom C. who D. Which

这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是B，因为此处的whom 是stay with 的逻辑宾语。 2）The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _____ are separated from the others by land or water. A. them B. that C. which D. those

正确答案为C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。

2．状语从句

状语从句有很多种，让步状语从句是个难点。让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导：though, although, even if, even though, whether?or?, no matter wh-(或how), whatever(whoever, whichever等)。

1） _____，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.

A. No matter whomever you are B. In whomever you are C. Whoever you are

D. No matter who are you 四个选择项中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B项中in whomever部分格式不对，D项的语序不对，只有C是正确的。

2）Young _____ he is, he knows what is a right thing to do. A. that B. as

C. although D. however

正确答案是B。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。

3．宾语从句

宾语从句比较简单，它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份，通常可以由that，if, whether及what引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。 例：I always take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than he is.句子的it指代的是后边that从句的内容。

4．主语从句

主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有what, that以及who, why, where, when等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设it为形式主语，与下边这些结构连用。 It is a pity that … It is an honor that …

It is a shame that …It is a good thing that … It is a fact that … It is a surprise that … 以及

It is strange that …It is surprising that … It is true that ? It is fortunate that ?

It is necessary that ? It is possible(impossible)that ?

1）It is desirable that he _____. A．gives up trying B. give up trying

C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying

答案B。本句也是一种虚拟语气句。

2） _____ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That 答案为A。

从句专项练习：

1. ____________ makes mistakes must correct them.

A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever

2. He works too hard. That is __________ is wrong with him.

A. that which B. that what C. what D. the thing what

3. He asked her ___________ she thought she could manage to come the Wednesday of the following week.

A. what B. that C. if D. as

4. Jack could ask for leave on condition _____________ he was really ill.

A. for that B. that C. of which D. in which

5. He spoke confidently, ___________ impressed me most.

A. so that B. that C. it D. which

6. People are still talking about the historic event of years ago, ____________ man walked in space for the first time.

A. when B. how C. because D. while

7. It wasn’t such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.

A. that B. which C. as D. what

8. __________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

A. That B. Which C. As D. It

9. They decided to chase the cow away ___________ it did more damage.

A. unless B. until C. before D. after

10. I’ll accept any job _________ I don’t have to get up early.

A. lest B. as long as C. in case D. though

练习答案：

01-05：CCCBD 06-10：ACCCB

二、倒装句：

1. 否定词放置句首时, 助动词或be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装. 常用的否定词有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner? than)。

Not until I reminded him for the third time _____ working and looked up. A. that he stopped B. does he stopped C. did he stop D. that he stopped 答案为C。

2．Only＋adv. 句子要倒装。

1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress. 只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。

3. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。

So little _____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I know 答案为A。

4. 虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized

C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 答案为B。

三、强调句：

强调句句型

我们这里主要讲陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

他是昨天碰见的李平。

注意：

1. 构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ? ，其余的时态用It is ? 。

2. not ? until ? 句型的强调句

句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

3. 谓语动词的强调 1）It is/ was ? that ? 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。

e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2）注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

四、主谓一致：

一致性是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面的相互一致关系。我们这里主要讲主语和谓语的一致。