因材施教 知任善育
2． 动名词的基本用法：
1）作主语：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /it isn?t necessary explaining to him. /It?s no use waiting here. 2）
作表语：My hobby（爱好）is collecting stamps . /His
job is washing and cooking. 3）
作宾语：When he came in,we all stopped talking . /He
has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isn?t worth teaching.
注 有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第6点。 4） 3．
作定语：This is her father?s walking stick. 动名词的复合结构：形式：his/him working there,Wang
Dong?s/Wang Dong working there 语法功能： 1）
作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your
health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb?s的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）
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2） 3）
作宾语：I don?t like his/him staying with us. 作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.
（his不能改为him） 4．
动名词的完成式：
动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：
We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.
在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：
having lent I remember him some money before. lending
promising
having promised He forgot me that. /After
finishing his homework,he
went out for a walk. 5．
动名词的被动式
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如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。
例如：The problem is far from being settled.
动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：
I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai. 6． <1>
动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较 作主语：
(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.
Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.
(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：
It took him two hours to finish the work. To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如： Getting up early is a good habit.
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<2>作宾语： (1)
有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，
主要有：begin, start, continue, love, prefer等。 (2)
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope,
expect, demand, refuse, decide. (3)
有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：
finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can?t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest.feel like, look forward to,devote?to(doing),be worth.
(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.
B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事
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