计算机组成原理课设报告

计算机组成原理课程设计 目录

目 录

1 设计概述 ·········································································································································· 1

1.1设计题目 ································································································································· 1 1.2设计目的 ································································································································· 1 1.3设计器材 ································································································································· 1 2 设计原理 ·········································································································································· 2

2.1设计基本原理 ························································································································· 2 2.2需要执行的机器指令 ············································································································· 2 2.3数据通路图 ····························································································································· 2 2.4微指令格式 ····························································································································· 3 2.5微程序地址的转移 ················································································································· 4 2.6 机器指令的写入、读出和执行 ···························································································· 6 3 设计步骤 ·········································································································································· 8

3.1编写机器指令 ························································································································· 8 3.2绘制微程序流程图 ················································································································· 8 3.3 编写微指令代码 ·················································································································· 10 3.4连接实验线路 ······················································································································· 10 3.5写入微指令 ··························································································································· 11 3.6写入机器指令 ······················································································································· 11 3.7运行程序 ······························································································································· 12 4 遇到的问题及解决方法 ················································································································ 13

4.1 遇到的问题 ·························································································································· 13 4.2 解决的方法 ·························································································································· 13 设计总结 ············································································································································ 14

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计算机组成原理课程设计 设计概述

1 设计概述

1.1设计题目

基本模型机的设计与实现。

1.2设计目的

1. 在掌握部件单元电路实验的基础上，进一步将其组成系统，构造一台基本模型计算机。 2. 为其定义若干条机器指令，并编写相应的微程序，上机调试，掌握整机概念。

1.3设计器材

TDN-CM计算机组成原理教学实验系统一台，排线若干。

1

计算机组成原理课程设计 设计内容

2 设计原理

2.1设计基本原理

前面的部件实验过程中，各部件单元的控制信号是人为模拟产生的，而本次设计将能在微程序控制下自动产生部件信号，实现特定指令功能。这里，计算机数据通路的控制将由微程序控制器来完成，CPU从内存中取出一条机器指令到指令执行结束的一个指令周期全部由微指令组成的序列来完成，即一条机器指令对应一个微程序。

本次系统使用两种外部设备，一种是二进制代码开关（DATA UNIT），它作为输入设备；另一种是发光二极管（BUS UNIT上的一组发光二极管），它作为输出设备。例如：输入时，二进制开关数据直接经过三态门送到总线上，只要开关状态不变，输入的信息也不变。输出时，将输出数据送到数据总线BUS上，驱动发光二极管显示。

2.2需要执行的机器指令

本次设计采用六条机器指令；IN（输入）、OR(或运算)、ASR（两个数相减）、AND（二进制与操作）、OAD（混合运算）、OUT（输出），其指令格式如下表2.1所示。

表2.1 机器指令格式 助记符 IN OR [addr] 机器指令码 0000 0000 0001 0000 XXXXXXXX 0010 0000 XXXXXXXX 0011 0000 XXXXXXXX 0100 0000 XXXXXXXX 0101 0000 XXXXXXXX 说明 “DATA UNIT”中的开关状态->R0 R0 OR [addr]→R0 [addr]－R0→R0 R0 AND [addr]→R0 (R0 or[addr])+R0->[addr] ASR [addr] AND[addr] OAD [addr] OUT [addr] [addr] →BUS 其中机器指令码的最高8位为操作码。IN为单字长(8位)，其余为双字长指令。XXXXXXXX为addr对应的二进制地址码。

2.3数据通路图

通常把许多寄存器之间传送信息的通路，称为数据通路。信息从什么地方开始，中间经过哪个寄存器或三态门，最后传送到哪个寄存器，都要加以控制。

本实验系统的数据通路图，如图2.1所示。

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