江苏省无锡市2018届高三上学期期末考试英语试题

A. (l) B. (2) C. (3) D. (4)

第二卷（非选择题，共35分）

第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

People tend to blame the external (外部的) force when bad things happen and give themselves credit when good things occur. For example, if you passed an exam, the self-serving would lead you to believe that it was because you studied hard. If you failed, on the other hand, you might believe it was because the teacher did not explain the subject correctly, the classroom was too warm or your roommate kept you up all night before the exam. Social psychologists describe this phenomenon as self-serving bias (自利性偏差).

A number of factors have been shown to influence the self-serving bias. Generally, older adults make the internal attribution, that is, credit themselves with their success. Men are more likely to make the external attribution, meaning they tend to blame the outside force for their failure. Often when a person is sad, this kind of bias may be opposite: they will attribute positive results to the outside help or even luck, and blame themselves when bad things happen.

Experts suggest that while this bias is quite widespread in the western culture including the U.S. and Canada, it tends to be much less frequent in the eastern culture including China and Japan. Why? Individualist cultures such as the U.S. place greater stress on the personal achievement and self-respect, so protecting the self from feelings of failure is more important. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, are more likely to attribute the personal success to luck and failure to the lack of talent.

However, there are some situations where the self-serving bias happens less often. Some research has found that people in close relationships, whether the romantic relationship or friendship, tend to be more modest. Your friends or your partner, in other words, would remind you when a bad situation might be partly because of your own doing.

Although the bias can mean avoid the personal responsibility for one’s action, in many cases, it is a defense mechanism that protects a person’s self-respect. By attributing positive events to personal characteristics, people get an increase in confidence. By blaming the outside force for failure, people make themselves believe they don’t need to be responsible for the failure and thus protect their self-respect.

Another advantage of this bias is that it leads people to persevere even in the face of difficult situations. An unemployed worker may feel more motivated to keep looking for work if he attributes his unemployment to a weak

economy, for example, rather than some personal failure. An athlete might feel more motivated to perform well if he believes that his failure during a previous event is the result of bad weather rather than a lack of skill.

Self-serving bias The concept of the ? The self-serving bias mirrors a common phenomenon that people always attribute their success to the (71) ▲ reasons while failure to the objective ones. ? The self-serving bias is linked to (73) ▲ and sender (性别). ? The self-serving bias is also connected with one’s (74) ▲ . For example, an unhappy person tends to blame himself when bad things happen. Factors (72) ▲ the ? Different (75) ▲ backgrounds, whether individualist or collectivist, also have self-serving bias much to do with the self-serving bias. For example, when faced with failure, the former needs more (76) ▲ while the latter needs to bear appropriate (77) ▲ . ? The bias happens less (78) ▲ when people are in close relationships. ? The bias helps in protecting a person’s self-respect by increasing his confidence and Advantages self-serving bias of the (79) ▲ him from the personal responsibility for the future. ? The bias provides people with essential (80) ▲ , which helps them keep struggling. 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）

请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

In life, we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our control. For instance, we can be incredibly nice and Jove someone deeply, and they may not love us back. We can work harder than anyone else at our lessons and still not be as excellent as our peers. We can eat healthy food, exercise and stay away from alcohol and cigarettes, and still get sick.

My first marriage ended in divorce. To me, it felt very unfair. I had worked hard to be a good wife and mother. However, no matter what I did, I could not make the relationship work.

I could have been shut down by that experience. I could have decided that if one person didn’t appreciate me as a wife, then no one would. I could have given up. But I knew that I wanted to be married. I knew that I wanted to experience traditional family life. So I didn’t let one seemingly unfair experience stop me from believing that I could one day be happily married. And then one day, I met this kind, thoughtful, generous man with whom I now have a

self-serving bias wonderful friendship and marriage. But that wouldn’t have happened if I had decided to give up after one failed marriage.

What I’ve learned over the years is that we can do all the things that deserve a good outcome, but get bad things in return instead.

The bottom line is that life is not fair. That is a tough pill to swallow for many of us. As a result, some people shut down after being hit by even one unfair blow from life. They can’t handle the fact that our efforts don’t always get the results that-we expect. But if we let life’s unfairness defeat us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has in store for us. 【写作内容】

1. 以约30个词概括短文内容；

2. 用约120个词就“生活中处处存在看似不公平的事”这一主题发表你的看法，内容包括以下要点： (1) 你对这一现象的看法（至少两点）； (2) 假如你遇到这一现象，你会如何处理。 【写作要求】

1. 可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

江苏省无锡市2018届高三上学期期末考试

英语试题答案

一、听力（20分）

1?5 BABCA 6?10 CAABC 11?15 AABCA 16-20 ACABC 二、单项填空（15分）

21?25 BACAA 26-30 CBDDA 31-35 CBDAB 完形填空（20分）

36?40 CADDA 41?45 BCCBD 46?50 AACBD 51?55 BCABD

三、阅读理解（30分）

56?57 DB 58?40 BAC 61?64 DCDA 65?70 CBADBD 四、任务型阅读（10分）

71. subjective 72. influencing / affecting / impacting 73. age 74. mood /emotion(s) / feelings 75. cultural 76. protection / encouragement(s) / comfort(s) 77. responsibility 78. often / frequently 79. freeing 80. motivation 五、书面表达（25分） One possible version:

Life is full of varieties of seemingly unfair experiences, which may defeat those who have lost courage and even confidence, but bless those who remain true to their original aspiration. (30 words)

For many reasons, we often have to encounter unfairness in a complex society. No one can avoid or escape unexpected changes in our daily lives; however, unfairness, if it sets us reflecting upon our mistakes and failure, may be a route toward success.

When we’re faced with life’s seeming unfairness, our faith needs to jump in. When life doesn’t go according to plan, we have to let go of the outcome that we are looking forward to and keep trying, working hard and doing the right thing. Please don’t be discouraged. Accept that life is neither fair nor straightforward. And by knowing that if we remain confident, we can drive our unfair experiences away and use them for our benefit. (120 words)