Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring(模糊不清)of boundaries between
science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise as brought in the past and will bring in the future Politicians remind their voters or the splendid machines our scientists\invented the pew drugs to relieve old disorders, and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously unmanageable conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to\proposals that are \Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding scientists have little choice hut. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as(mate hostile to the pursuit of understanding or its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.
In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of
rest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holes a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding.
This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those
who would like to dishonour scientists by representing them as corruptible（易腐败的）.This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific statements, but especially those made by the scientists who
present themselves as\is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed
by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.
63.What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research? A. The reduction of public expenditure. B. Quick economic returns C. The budget for a research project D Support from the voters.
64. Why won’t scientists complain about the government’s policy concerning scientific research? A.They know it takes patience to win support from the public
B. They realize they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge C. They think obedience to government policy is in the interests of the public. D. They are accustomed to keeping their opinions to themselves
65. According to the author, people are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because__________
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A. some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty B. sometimes they hide the source of their research funding
C. they could be influenced by their association with the project concerned D their statements often turn out to be wrong
65. Why does the author say that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects? A. Scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings B. People will not believe scientists even when they tell the truth. C. It makes things difficult for scientists to seek research funds D. It may wear out the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research.
【答案】63.B 64.B 65.C 66.B 63.第一段三，四句话可知，B。
64.根据第一段的倒数第二，三句话可知，他们必须要遵守这个大环境，别无选择。 65. 根据第二段的三，四，五行判断，答案为C。
66.根据最后一段一，二，三行，说明公众认为科学家是腐败的，选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. What accounts for this culture of generosity? B. This beliefs central to the national character C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated? D. Americans' generosity is rooted in selfless behavior. E. America's philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich. F. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father Charity-humanity's most kind and generous desire is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy (慈善行为) as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it From colonial leads to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.
(67) Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality (节俭)even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1.000 Tb of sterling silver one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years. While Frankel's gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young
nation.(68) . Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy's evolution. One of my-personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generational of African-American students.
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(69) . The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people o give And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr Martin Luther King Jt. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.’’
Franklin 's gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardian of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. (70) America's greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting. 【答案】 67 F, 68 E, 69 A, 70 B 【解析】
67. 有下文的Benjamin Franklin可知其前面应该是Founding Father。
68. 是承上启下的，有68空前一句可知q前半部分是American’s philanthropic，有后文的often far less famed men....可知是“普通人也起着很重要的作用” 69. 有69空后面的answer可知前面应该是文句。 70. 70空前面讲的是信念以及民族特征，所以是B
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Everyone eats, People around the world differ in many ways, but dinner unites us all. Throughout history we humans have always found nourishing ways to use whatever food we could lay our hands on, The earliest diets were hunted and gathered from the foods that were available as a result of geography and climate. The current diet of most world populations have moved well beyond hunting and gathering. They have evolved in response to changes in food production starting long ago. New means of preservation allow foods to be eaten long after they grown and harvested (hence ketchup). New means of transportation-railroads, trucks and airplanes (as well as
technologies such as refrigeration)-mean that foods grown in one place can be consumed ‘fresh’ many thousands of miles away. Thus, even in some place as remote as Bhutan, people eat oranges, surely grown well beyond the
Himalayas. New processing technologies low companies to make shelf-stable food products that can be transported and consumed much later (like pasta). New technologies have permitted the development of previously unknown food products like instant coffee and Cheese Whiz. New marketing methods can create worldwide demand for such products( chief among them, Coca-cola)
As conflicts resolve and people in developing countries become better off, they acquire more table resources and change the way they eat. They inevitably replace the grains and beans in their diets with with foods obtained from animal sources. They buy more met more sweet foods and more processed foods; they eat more meals
prepared by others. Soon they eat more food in general they start gaining weight, become overweight, then develop heart disease, diabetes, and the other chronic diseases so common in industrialized societies. Here we have the great irony of modem nutrition: at a time when hundreds of millions of people do not have enough to eat, hundreds of million more are eating too much and are overweight or obese. Today, except in the very poorest countries, more people are overweight than underweight. The phenomenon of going from not having enough food to overeating is now so common that it has been given its own name: the nutrition transition (366 words)
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【答案】Eating links us together. In ancient time, because of the limited condition, people eat food by hunting and gathering. With the development of preservation, transportation and process technology, people can eat food in different countries, areas, seasons and varieties. Enough food, even in poor countries, may lead to overeat, causing kinds of diseases, like, obesity, diabetes and so on. 【分析】
1. 要点中需要包括以前食物的来源和现在食物来源的对比；现在食物的发展是怎样的？为什么会有现在的食物过量的现象以及人们可以吃到各种食物的原因；最后要说一下，食物过剩带来的一些问题，肥胖，糖尿病等。
2. 容易出现的问题是?一些零碎的小点没有写出来；?缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 要了解某一行业是否适合白己，除了上网查询，还有很多方法，请谈谈最适合你的方法,并说明理由。 你的作文需包含以下要点：
1，简单描述几种了解某一行业的方法。
2，具体谈谈最适合你的方法和它适合你的理由。
As far as I am concerned, there are a lot of methods to learn about a field if you are ready to keep informed about it. Consulting a professional, searching the internet and turning to books are the main three ways to get information about it.
As for me, suffering the internet is the best way to know about the field. Firstly, it is time-saving, which can be done in your own room rather than go to the library. Second, it is convenient. As we all know, everything can be find through Internet. As long as you have WiFy, you can have an access to internet, where you can find all information you need. You can find the prospect,salary, and work standards of this field from internet. Third, it provides a comparison with other fields. You can find kinds of information, picture and forms about other fields, which provides you with a better comparison so that you eventually can find a suitable field.
From the above reasons, I can conclude that suffering internet is the best way to explore a field, which also can provide kinds of conveniences and benefit us a lot.
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