绿色化学化工的发展现状与发展趋势

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally

绿色化学化工的发展现状与发展趋势

摘要: 绿色化学被人们称作环境友好化学、环境无害化学、清洁化学。它解决

了化工产业在生态环境、资源和经济等方面的问题，是一门从源头上阻止污染的化学。为了避免生态环境继续遭到严重的破坏，人们开始大力研究和开发从本质上减少污染的清洁产品即绿色化学。本文对绿色化学进行了更深一步的探究与讨论，其中包括了绿色化学的概念、背景和其重要性，以及他的研究方法、目的和成果。同时阐述了绿色化学与环境保护的关系，讨论了绿色化学在国内外的发展现状，展望了绿色化学在未来的发展趋势。

关键字：绿色化学 环境保护 发展现状 发展前景

前言：绿色化学化工是用先进的化工技术和方法从源头阻止污染的化学，现在

随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越追求健康与高品位的生活，所以化学工业与人们的生活有着不可切断的联系。它不断的改善着人们的衣、食、住行及卫生和健康条件，提高了人们的生活水品，但在与此同时也产生了一些关于污染的严重问题。而今天的绿色化学就是指能够保护地球环境的一门化学技术。它可通过使用自然能源、化学的技术和方法来避免给环境造成污染、避免排放有害物质、副产品和废物。并考虑节能和节省资源。它消除了各种有害化学物质对生态环境和人类健康危害，是控制化工污染的最有效手段。

1绿色化学

1.1 绿色化学的背景

“绿色化学”由美国化学会（ACS）提出，目前也得到世界广泛的响应。它的核心是利用化学原理从源头上减少和消除工业生产对环境的污染。从1960年起，化学农药引起的污染问题被提出来，人们开始注意到在我国的人口不断急剧增加和人均物资消费量增加的同时，我国的工业也开始慢慢发展，资源开始紧缺，污染也日益加重，使得人们开始面对严重的环境污染问题。各类研究人员开始关注新能源，以及新技术，然后开始涉及到关于绿色能源的部分，并且通过从外国研究者的观点与研究着手与关于绿色化学的探究与发展。我国也明白了绿色化学给国家经济、环境、健康等各方面带来的帮助和改善。至此绿色化学开始得到更进一步的发展。

绿色化学化工代表了化学和化工学科的共同发展趋势和目标之一，即不管是化学还是化工，都必须要面对社会发展对环境、健康和能源等方面日益严格的要求和面临来自其他新兴学科前所未有的挑战。随着时间的流逝绿色化学化工不再只是代表一种理念和愿望，它本身在不断的发展变化中逐步趋于实际应用，且其发展与化工密切相关。从它现在代表的意义来看，暂时还可用环境友好化学、可持续发展、清洁生产等词汇来进行描述。虽然绿色化学与环境化学、可持续发展、清洁生产、循环经济等词汇有密切的联系，但它们代表了不同的概念。

1.2 绿色化学的重要性

近年来，由于我国的传统化学工业许多废水、废气与废渣仍未经严格处理就

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enrching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally外排，导致工业生产造成的环境污染变得十分严重。并威胁着人们的生活环境健康。从当前我国的环境保护、经济水平和社会的要求来看，我国化学工业已经无法再承担使用和产生有危害物质的费用，我们需要大力研究与开发从源头上减少和消除污染的绿色化学，绿色化学能够充分利用资源和能源，采用无毒、无害的原料；绿色化学还可以变废为宝，大大的提高了经济效益，同时还能在无毒、无害的条件下进行反应，以减少废物向环境排放；生产出有利于环境保护、社区安全和人体健康的环境友好的产品。从而尽量做到不再产生和处理废物与副产品，绿色化学在环境保护中起着相当大的作用，我们判断绿色化学正是实现污染防止的基础和重要工作。

2绿色化学的内容

绿色化学是当今社会提出来的一个新概念，它要求在化学反应过程中尽可能采用无毒无害的原料、催化剂和溶剂。这样一来绿色化学在化工行业中可以实现对人们生活环境的改善、减少污染、降低有毒气体排放和废物副产品的处理，并在技术上、经济上可行的化学品和化学过程。

绿色化学研究的内容大概包括以下的几个方面：

一是使用绿色可再生的资源：涉及无毒、无害原料和可再生资源为原料。二是绿色化学反应：它涵盖了对环境友好的化学工艺和“原子经济”反应。三是对环境友好产品:主要是废物的零排放和易于降解为无毒代谢物。四是无危害的催化剂：最注重的是生物催化剂和酶催化剂，可以减少副产品和环境污染。五是新的合成技术：包括有机电合成以及不对称合成。六是采用无副作用溶剂：其中固态反应无溶剂，如若有溶剂则使用无毒无害的溶剂。

综上只要我们研发绿色的新能源或新技术，养成使用可再生绿色资源，重复使用非降解塑料产品。掌握绿色化学的基本内容和研究方向，对我们开发新能源，研究新技术以及发展绿色化学有很大的帮助与影响。

3绿色化学与环境保护 3.1绿色化学与环保的联系

随着全球生态环境污染的日益加剧，绿色化学应运而生，在短短时间内，改变着人们旧有的环保观念，绿色化学与环境保护密切相关，它从源头上消除了污染，根据近年来人们总结提出了几点关于发展绿色化学与环境保护的要求：

1.资源再生和使用：我们都清楚存在于自然界的资源非常有限，然而中国毋庸置疑是一个人口大国，而且“白色污染”和石油资源浪费十分严重。所以是否能回收循环使用各种化学物品，非常之重要。对于资源在再生与使用就是变废为宝，节省资源和能源，减少污染。再者就是降低塑料制品的用量，提高塑料的稳定性，倡导塑料包的再利用，回收废气塑料再生产成其他的可用产品。

2．减量：为了推进绿色化学的发展，提高转化率，就必须减少化学试剂的用量，还要减少废气、废水和副产品的排放。

3.拒绝使用非绿色产品：每个消费者都自主杜绝使用高塑料、无法回收、再生产和重复使用的化学产品，然而每个工作者都自觉在化学过程中拒绝使用毒副作用、污染作用明显的材料，这将是减少污染的有效办法。

在我们化工行业不断向前推进的同时，环境保护逐渐引起了全球人民的关注，而与此密切联系的绿色化学化工也随之得到推广，从我们处理日常生活中的

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular conomy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally社区安全和环境问题不断与绿色化学接触的情况来看，绿色化学已经与人们的生活息息相关。人们开始意识到，在接下了来的环境保护阶段中绿色化学已经成为不可缺少的部分。

3.2绿色化学的目标

绿色化学的目标是以绿色意识为指导的可持续方法来降低有害物质的产生和有害物质内在的危害性来达到目的，不仅可以减少污染，还可以预防污染，来达到从源头阻止污染的目标。绿色化学的12条原则度是目前为国际化学界所公认的，它的提出主要是让化学化工清楚对资源利用、化工生产和化学反应的要求，以及提倡降低污染源以及污染的危害。它也反映了近年来在绿色化学领域中所开展的多方面的研究工作内容，同时也指明了未来发展绿色化学的方向。

4国内外的发展现状 4.1 国外的绿色化学进展

在国外，对绿色化学的研究主要是围绕着化学反应、原料、催化剂、溶剂和产品的绿色化展开。当然这几个方面也是非常重要且值得关注的。

1.化学反应绿色化：在工业生产中，会进行各种各样的化学反而“原子经济反应”是有机合成追求的理想目标，是实现低废气、低副产品的绿色技术的基础。

提高反应的选择性是实现化学反应绿色化的另一途径。然而化学反应中的烃类氧化反应往往是无法进行控制和选择的，所以，控制反应的深度，提高目的产物的选择性始终是烃类氧化反应中最有挑战性的难题。

2.反应原料的绿色化：在化学生产过程中，往往二步合成路线要比直接合成更加节省原料，并且没有生成对环境有害的副产物，并且要采用无毒无害、可再生资源为原料。以此达到原料的绿色化，对企业和对人们的生活环境都有巨大的益处。

3.催化剂绿色化：在精细化工和医药生产中，许多的烃类烷基化反应一般都需要催化剂，但是这些催化剂对设备、环境，人身健康和社区安全都存在相当大的危害，而且会产生废渣，污染环境。它们虽然促进了化学反应，但这个缺点却是我们不得不面对的事实，我们要尽量让催化剂绿色化，才能推进绿色化学的进一步发展。

4.溶剂绿色化：化学污染不仅来源于原料和产品，而且与反应介质、分离和配方中使用的溶剂有关，人们当前所用的溶剂是有挥发性有机化合物，在使用过程中有的会引起地面臭氧的形成，有的会引起水源污染，所以采用无毒无害的溶剂代替挥发性有机化合物作溶剂是绿色化学的重要研究方向。

5.产品的绿色化：国外近年来都在大力研究环境友好化工产品，对于破坏生态环境和污染环境的化工产品。都要求开发出相应的对环境无害的代替品，而且，目前国外已成功开发出保护大气臭氧层氟氯烃代用品和防止“白色污染”的生物降解塑料等。

6.物理方法促进化学反应：光、电、热等引发和促进有机反应的有效手段，是绿色化学的方向之一。

4.2 国内的绿色化学进展

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enrching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally近年来，我国化工行业产业规模扩增趋势强劲，绿色化学在节约原料、防止污染、保障人们健康与安全方面也发挥了显著的作用，在1995年美国政府设立了“总统绿色化学挑战奖”．这些活动推动了绿色化学在美国的迅速兴起和发展．并引起全世界的极大关注。虽然

一些环境污染事件和安全事故在我国造成了极其不好的社会影响。但是绿色化学在我国也逐步受到重视，还有个事实是我国的绿色化学与发达国家相比还存在较大的差距，这一点我们必须进一步完善和改进。

绿色化学总结起来，可以归到一点，也就是要发展新的反应，随着对化学反应本质的理解，已经开始在原于经济性和可持续发展基础上研究化学和催化基础问题，即绿色合成和绿色催化问题。还有在有机化学品生产中，许多新的化学流程已在研究开发，这些新流程的开发是绿色化学领域的新进展。

机动车燃烧汽油和柴油产生的废气是大气污染的根源。适应绿色化学的要求，汽油的组成发生了深刻变化，既限制汽油的蒸气压、苯含量、芳烃、烯烃含量，还要求在汽油中加人数量相当的含氧化合物。而在我国能源结构中，煤是主要能源，应将研究、开发洁净煤化学技术视为当务之急，以利于大气保护。

绿色化学是近几年才产生和发展起来的，它涉及化学的有机合成、催化、生物化学、分析化学等学科，范围非常广泛。要真正实现化工生产的绿色化，就要受到来自社会、技术、经济、环境、政治等多方面的推动力，我们要抓住机遇，突出强调绿色合成技术、方法和过程的研究，重视发展再生资源的利用和转化技术，从工艺和设备两方面着手，大力研究与开发从整个工程链中减少或消除污染的绿色工程技术，并在此基础上进行过程系统综合，降低能耗，加快解决矿物资源高效利用中的绿色化学问题，实现废物最小化和环境影响最小化。

5绿色化学的发展前景

绿色化学具有广阔的发展前景，若说要给定一个明确的发展指标是很难做出全面的预测的，目前，绿色化工已被全球列为21世纪实现可持续发展的一项重要战略，是解决资源、能源紧缺、环境恶化的重要途径，是提高人类生存质量和保证国家与民众安全的核心基础科学与技术。未来，绿色化学将合成新的、无毒无害的、高选择性的高效催化剂，利用可再生生物质合成多种无污染的生物燃料，发展可同时防止和解决污染问题的化学技术，对环境友好的绿色化学品的设计和开发都将在未来几年得到发展。

自然界资源有限，因此人类生产的各种化学品能否回收、再生和循环使用也是绿色化学研究的主要领域。充分开展资源再生和循环使用技术是绿色化学重要发展方向之一。考虑到国际科学研究前沿的发展趋势和我国可持续发展战略的要求结合国家重大需要科学研究的基础,我国应该及早加强对绿色化学的基本科学问题这个至关重要的跨学科领域的研究,就是要以体现当代最新科学技术的物理、化学、生物手段和方法,从源头根除污染实现化学与生态协调发展为宗旨,来研究环境友好的新反应、新过程、新产品。

未来几年，我国人口将继续增加，资源、能源消耗将持续增长，面临的环保压力也将越来越大，化工行业的节能减排任务也更加艰巨。所以人们希望绿色化工与清洁生产工艺技术能向节能、环保的方向发展。化学与材料、生命、信息、能源、资源、环境等领域的结合也能开辟新的发展方向。

6结论与展望

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular conomy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally 绿色化学是一种战略方针，一种指导思想，一种研究策略。随着全球工业化，城市和人口的不断发展扩大，对化学化工的要求将更加严格，而绿色化学的出现为我国化工行业的快速发展提供了良好契机，绿色化工技术和科技产品的逐渐完善，将能够达到资源再生变废为宝的目标，使我国的化学化工业实现可循环经济。

化学工业的发展在不断促进人类进步的同时，它在环境污染、温室效应等方面带来的负面效应也不可忽视。这些环境事件大多与化学工业相关联，如曾经在全球引起人们关注的臭氧层空洞、白色污染、酸雨和水体富营养化等事件，当然这并不只是化工行业的错误，但我们必须高度重视。为了应对化学工业所面临的挑战，消除人们对化学工业的误解，提倡绿色化学当然是必不可少的方针。

在近几年来，绿色化学化工已经开始慢慢步入正轨，同时随着全球性环境污染问题的日益加剧和能源、资源急剧减少，公众环境意识逐步提高，绿色化工的日益深入人心，作为更安全、更有利的化学行业，绿色化学化工必将蓬勃发展！

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