5 If you bombard someone with messages, do you send (a) lots of messages, or (b) only a few messages?
6 Does never-say-die spirit refer to (a) growing old cheerfully, or (b) refusing to accept defeat?
7 Does in the long term mean (a) at some time in the future, or (b) during the school year?
8 If you have a hard time doing something, do you fnd it (a) takes a long time, or (b) is diffcult?
9 If you grow out of something, do you (a) start enjoying it, or (b) no longer want it? Active reading (2)
Dealing with unfamiliar words
5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 the part in the middle of your arm, where it bends (elbow) 2 a disease or other medical condition caused by bacteria or a virus (infection)
3 a long confident step (stride)
4 the pink or red colour that your skin has when you are healthy (glow)
5 the exact size, degree, strength etc of some thing, usually expressed in numbers of standard units (measurement)
6 the period of time when someone is alive (lifetime) 7 the fat bottom part of your foot (sole) 8 the process of giving all your attention to something (concentration)
9 causing severe damage or harm (destructive)
10 the existence of differences in amount, number, level, form etc (variation)
6 Complete the sentences with the c orrect form of the words in Activity 5.
1 These high-heeled shoes hurt the soles of my feet.
2 It’s easy to lose your concentration if you’re very tired. 3 I’ve been playing too much tennis. I’ve hurt my shoulder and elbow.
4 You can increase your resistance to infections, such as colds and fu, by taking regular exercise.
5 Modern lifestyles may have a destructive effect on people’s health. 6 We should make sure we have enough variation in our exercise routine to stop us from getting bored.
7 He started the walk with a rapid stride, and returned home with a healthy glow on his face.
8 Why not use a pedometer to take measurements of how far you have walked?
9 We should all try to make daily exercise a lifetime habit. 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
Regular walking is a habit which if it can be (1) kept, is very healthy. It is suitable for old and young people alike, and you don’t need to buy a lot of special (2) e quipme nt – just a good pair of shoes. A number of scientific studies have shown that walking provides one of the
most (3) successful ways of (4) improving the body’s ability to fght disease. Walking is good exercise for your (5) arms and legs and helps your body to be more (6) protected against illness. But it is not just your physical health which will beneft. Regular walking can help make you more (7) able to think clearly, and it can also help to (8) make stress less unpleasant after a busy day. To make the experience more (9) enjoyable and interesting, experts
suggest you record how many steps you take each day.
Key: (1) maintained (2) gear (3) efficient (4) enhancing (5) limbs (6) immune (7) alert (8) relieve (9) motivating Language in use
word formation: the prefix re -
2 Answer the questions using re - and the verbs in brackets. 1 What is it a good idea to do if you don’t understand a passage? (read)
It’s a good idea to reread it.
2 What do some people do if they fail an exam? (take) They retake the exam.
3 What should you do if your first opinion about something is not very wise? (consider)
You should reconsider your opinion.
4 What is the first thing to do if a computer crashes? (boot) The first thing you should do is to reboot it.
5 If you don’t succeed the first time you try to get a job, what can you do later? (apply) You can reapply.
6 What should you do if your season ticket for the sports club runs out? (new)
You should renew it.
7 What may people decide to do if their house is destroyed in an earthquake? (build)
They may decide to rebuild their house.
8 What should a doctor do with a patient who’s very worried? (assure)
The doctor should reassure the patient. before / during / after which
4 Rewrite the sentences using before which , during which or after which .
1 I thought about the problem for a long time. Then I decided how I was going to solve it.
I thought about the problem for a long time, after which I decided how I was going to solve it.
2 She went jogging for an hour. While she was jogging a lot of thoughts went through her mind.
She went jogging for an hour, during which a lot of thoughts went through her mind.
3 Frank was admitted to hospital at the end of June. Before this happened, he had a lot of tests.
Frank was admitted to hospital at the end of June, before which he had a lot of tests.
4 I suggest you take a week off work. You can use this period to relax and spend time with your family.
I suggest you take a week off work, during which you can relax and spend time with your family.
5 Marzia spent a month on a low-fat diet. By the end of the month, she felt healthier.
Marzia spent a month on a low-fat diet, after which she felt healthier. 6 I’d like you to read this report carefully. Then we will discuss it.
I’d like you to read this report carefully, after which we will discuss it.
7 Shane spent three months in that boring job. He was depressed for the whole time.
Shane spent three months in that boring job, during which he was depressed.
8 My brother has been working as an educational psychologist for seven years. Before that, he trained as a teacher.
My brother has been working as an educational psychologist for seven years, before which he trained as a teacher commit oneself to doing something
6 Rewrite the sentences using the structure commit oneself to doing something .
1 I said I would work harder this month. I committed myself to working harder this month.
2 They gave their word that they would provide financial help.
They committed themselves to providing financial help.
3 The government should make up its mind to support this project. The government should commit itself to supporting this project. 4 We have promised to provide the money for the new hospital. We have committed ourselves to providing the money for the new hospital.
7 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.
1 How does your university maintain contact / links with former students?
2 His promising / brilliant career as a young diplomat was interrupted when he became seriously ill.
3 Bird flu didn’t turn out to be the killer disease the international community had feared.
4 I’m not exaggerating. I think we all have a realistic chance of passing this exam.
5 Although not seriously injured, he had to undergo minor surgery as a result of the accident.
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