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Period Ⅲ Learning about Language
1．(教材P5)The ice constantly broke up at night because of the warmth of our bodies and we often dropped into the freezing water while sleeping.
由于我们的体温，冰在晚上不断的破裂，我们经常在睡梦中掉进冰冷的水中。 (1)break up 破碎；结束；解散；垮掉；(学校)期终放假 The stricken tanker began to break up on the rocks. 油轮被击中后撞上礁石，毁坏了。
They decided to break up the partnership.他们决定终止合作关系。 Police had to break up the crowd.警察不得不驱散人群。
break away (from) break down break into break in break out break through
脱离；摆脱；断绝关系 出毛病；分解；(身体)垮了
闯入；打断；突然开始(哭、笑、唱等) 插入；强行进入 爆发
强行穿过；突围；冲破
Because of explosion，the bridge broke down last night. 由于爆炸，昨夜这座桥倒塌了。
Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera. 昨夜一个小偷闯了进来， 偷走了他的相机。
More than one hundred fires broke out in our city last year.去年我市发生了一百多起火灾。
用适当的break短语完成句子
①He with some ideas of his own.
②Hearing the sad news，the old woman tears. ③I have heard that a quarrel between them. ④After a long time of hard work, he almost ．
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⑤When do you for Christmas? ⑥The dog its owner and ran away.
⑦Our soldiers successfully the enemy's defences.
【答案】 ①broke in ②broke into ③broke out ④broke down ⑤break up ⑥broke away from ⑦broke through
(2)freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的；冷淡的 The freezing wind pierced us to the bone. 凛冽的风使我们感到寒冷刺骨。
Freezing weather is harmful to orange trees. 冰冻天气对橘子树是有害的。
freeze v. frozen adj. frozen with/in sth.
(使)冻结；结冰
冷冻的；冷藏的；冻僵的；冰封的 吓呆；惊呆
Some fruits don't freeze well at all. 有些水果根本就不能冷藏。
These frozen foods are the most convenient of all. 这些冷冻食品是最为方便的。
完成句子
⑧She stared at me, (惊呆了)．
⑨ (冰冷的雨) drove her back indoors.
【答案】 ⑧frozen with shock ⑨The freezing rain
2．(教材P7) What Shackleton and his men must have felt doesn't bear thinking about. 沙克尔顿和他的手下当时所经历的事情不堪回首。
【句式分析】 本句为复合句，what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语；what引导名词性从句在句中还可以作宾语、表语、同位语和宾语补足语等。
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。 Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身体应该更好。
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I can't do what you've just asked of me. 我不能做你刚才要求我的事。
翻译句子
①我怕的是他们带他到那地方去。
②时代不同了。
③父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。
【答案】 ①What I'm afraid of is their taking him to that place. ②Times are not what they used to be.
③The father began to criticize what the boy had done.
定 语
一、定语的意义
定语是用来修饰名词的，在意义上相当于形容词。 二、定语的表现形式
1. 形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词、分词作定语通常放在被修饰的词前面，叫前置定语。
This is a valuable lesson.(形容词) 这是很有价值的一课。
The tea cup was broken by Tom yesterday.(名词) 那茶杯是汤姆昨天打坏的。 Her father is an engineer.(代词) 她父亲是一个工程师。
I was made to help cook twenty-eight meals three times a day.(数词) 我被迫帮助做二十八个人的一日三餐的饭菜。 He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词) 他买了一些安眠药。
This is a most pressing problem.(现在分词)
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这是一个非常紧迫的问题。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English？(过去分词) 英语口语和书面语之间存在什么不同吗？ Do you know Betty's mother? (所有格) 你认识贝蒂的母亲吗？
2．介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、副词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词的后面，叫后置定语。
The girl in red is his sister.(介词短语) 穿红衣服的女孩是他妹妹。
We have a lot of work to do today.(不定式) 今天我们有很多工作要做。
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.(分词短语)站在树下的那个女孩是他的女儿。
He was lost in the forest, and he couldn't find a way out.(副词)他在森林中迷路了，找不到出去的路。
3. 如果被修饰的词为some, any，every, no等构成的不定代词(如someone，anything等)时，定语要放在这些词的后面。
There is nothing interesting in this book. 这本书没什么意思。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 【特别提示】
多个形容词同时修饰一个名词，其排列顺序通常如下：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格)——数词(序数词、基数词)——描绘性形容词——特征形容词(大小、形状、新旧、长幼)——颜色形容词——类属形容词(来源、材料、用途)——名词性定语——被修饰名词。
口诀促记： 限定描写大长高；形状年龄新旧老；颜色国籍到材料；作用类别往后靠。 a few big round new black wooden French tables 几张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子 a famous German medical school 一所德国著名的医学院
4．从句作定语一般放在先行词后，分为限定性和非限定性两种。能引导定语从句的关系代
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