高中英语必修5 UNIT5 学案
protect…against…, prevent…from…, get burnt, take off, carry out, be proud of, present sb. with sth.., 1. You have three layers of skin to __________ you _______ diseases, poison and the sun’s harmful rays.
2. He ________________ his hat and bowed (鞠躬) to us. 3. If your skin__________________, it will be very serious. 4. The skin can ________ your body ________ losing water.. 5. I ____________________ their success.
6. He was ___________________ an experiment when I rang him. 7. The town ___________________ a library. III. Complete the following sentences.
1. 防止体内水分流失可以挽救一个人的生命。
______________________________________________quickly will save one’s life. 2. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把它脱掉。
_______ clothing _____ the burned area unless it _____ _____ ______ the burn. 3. 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女生的命.
___________________________________________________saved Ms Slade’s life. 4. 他们举行了一个聚会,以向来访的总统表示敬意.
They held a party __________________ the visiting president. 5. 毫无疑问急救知识能够发挥重要作用.
__________________ that a knowledge of first aid can ______________________. 6. 对学生来说掌握学习的方法是很重要的.
___________________ to master the methods of learning. 7. 令他的老师吃惊的是,他在急救测试中做得比预料的要好。
______ ______ _______ _______, he did better in her first aid exam than expected.
8. 他们向政府申请经济援助.
They _______ ________the government _____________ financial help. 9. 昨天举行的特殊招待会用来款待他亲密的朋友.
A special reception yesterday_________ by him _________ his _________ friends 10. 雪覆盖了地面。
The ground ____________ ____________ ________snow.
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高中英语必修5 UNIT5 学案
V Grammar 省略句
省略(ellipsis)是一种为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。
1.简单句中的省略。
(1) 省略主语(多数属于语境省略)有时,主语和助动词一起省略。 (It) Doesn’t matter. 没关系。 (I)Beg your pardon. 请原谅。 (You)Had a good time?你玩的痛快吗? (I’m)Sorry. 对不起。 (Have you)Got any idea?你有什么注意吗? What a beautiful view!多美的景色啊! (2)省略谓语 Who (comes) next? 谁下一个来? (3)省略表语 ---Are you ready? —你准备好了吗?
---- Yes, I am —是的,我准备好了。
(4)省略宾语 ---Let’s do the dishes. —让我们刷盘子吧。
---OK. I’ll wash (dishes). You’ll dry (dishes). 好的。我刷盘子,你擦干盘子.
(5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be常常可省略。
We found the situation (to be) serious. 我发觉形势严重。 He was thought (to be) the person responsible for the matter. 他被认为是对这件事负责的那个人。 (6)在复合宾语结构中省略不定式符号to。
不定式作动词make/let/have以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to,但变成被动语态时不能省略。
The boss made the workers work all day and all night. 老板让工人整日整夜工作。
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高中英语必修5 UNIT5 学案
(7)省略介词
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四小时来复习功课。 I’ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我学英语五年了。 We can stop them (from) moving in. 我们能够阻止他们搬进来。 (8)所有格之后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。 She is going to her uncle’s (house). 她要去她的叔叔家。
Today I met her at the tailor’s (shop). 今天我在裁缝店遇见了她。
2.并列句中的省略(通常为承前省略)
通常并列句中后面的分句只要与前边的分句有相同的词语,不管它在句子中作何种成分,都可以省略,反之亦然。
His father is a doctor, and his mother (is) a nurse. 他的父亲是个医生,母亲是个护士。
3.复合句(状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句)中的省略
(1)状语从句由(al)though, as if, until, once, unless, when, whether, where, while等引导,且同时具备下列两个条件: 1)主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;
2)从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式,则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 If(you are)in doubt,don’t hesitate to ask me. 如果你有疑问,请立刻问我。 I did not notice it until (it was) very late. 直到很晚,我才注意到它。 He won’t come unless (he is) invited. 除非他被邀请,否则他不会来。 If (it is) possible, I’ll go outing. 如果可能的话,我将去郊游。
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
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高中英语必修5 UNIT5 学案
【提醒】比较状语从句中的省略
than和as引导的比较状语从句,如果意义明确,than和as后面的任何部分都可省略。
I’m taller than he (is tall).我比他高。
I know you better than (I know) him.我了解你胜过了解他。
This coat is better than that one, but it costs twice as much (as that one). 这件上衣比那件好,但这件是那件价格的两倍。 (2)名词性从句
1)名词性wh-从句中的省略现象。如果从句谓语与主句谓语相同,从句可省略全部谓语,甚至主语也可省略,只保留一个wh-词。
She will go to Beijing, but I don’t know when (she will go to Beijing). 她要去北京,但我不知道是什么时候。
She can’t come, but I don’t know why (she can’t come). 她不能来,但我不知为什么。
wh-从句若是被动结构,主谓语也可全部省略,只保留by+wh词。
The cup was broken by someone, but I wonder (the cup was broken) by whom. 这个杯子被某人打碎了,但我纳闷是被谁打碎的。
如果从句相同而wh-词不同,则可省略第一个从句而把两个wh-词连接起来。 I don’t know when (to meet him) and where to meet him. 我不清楚什么时间、什么地点见他。
2)在与表示命令、愿意、建议等相关的名词性从句中,常用should型虚拟,而从句谓语部分中的should常省略。
We require that he (should) tell us the truth. 我们要求他告诉我们真相。 3)在句型―It is necessary/surprising/suggested/natural /strange+ that从句‖中,
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