非谓语动词用法详解
非谓语动词根据其表示的动作的发生时间和意义可以有不同的形式。
非谓语动词 形式 一般式：to do / to be done 进行式：to be doing 不定式 完成式：to have done / to have been done 否定式：not/never to do 一般式：doing/being done v.-ing形式 完成式：having done / having been done 否定式：not doing v.-ed形式 否定式：not done 非谓语动词的一般式表示与句子谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；完成式表示在句子谓语动词之前发生的动作。
He is said to be studying abroad now. 据说他在国外学习。
He is said to have studied abroad for 3 years. 据说他在国外学习过三年。
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 学生们说笑着走出了教室。
Having finished my homework, I went to bed. 做完作业后，我回家了。
1) 非谓语动词作主语
作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。
非谓语动词 不定式 用法 往往表示一次性的、具体的动作；表目的。 常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 表示一般或抽象的行为。 动名词 有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型。 It is a great honor to be invited to speak here. 受邀请在这发言是个荣幸。 Playing the piano is my hobby. 弹钢琴是我的爱好。
It is no good telling him the news. 告诉他这个消息没有好处。 注意
it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing..., It is useful doing..., It is a waste of time doing...等句式里。 2) 非谓语动词作宾语
作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。
a. 只跟不定式作宾语的动词，如afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。
I can't afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project. 今年暑假我因为做课题无法去度假。 He determined to return home early. 他决定早回家。
He gave us some advice on how to remember English idioms. 他就如何记忆英语习语给我们提了些建议。
b. 只跟动名词作宾语的动词，如advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, can't help, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about等。 It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident. 幸运的是，他侥幸地躲过了车祸。
Do you feel like going out for a walk? 你想出去散步吗？
c. 跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词，如like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend, continue等，这些动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。
He likes to have a walk after dinner, but he didn't like to because of the cold this evening.
他喜欢饭后散步，但今晚由于天气冷他不想散步。
She started playing/to play the violin when she was four. 她四岁时就开始弹钢琴。
She intended coming/to come back soon. 她本想早回来的。
He continued studying/to study as if nothing had happened. 他继续学习好像什么事也没有发生似的。
d. 跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词。作“需要”讲时，need, want, require后接v.-ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v.-ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。
Your T-shirt needs washing/to be washed. 你的T恤衫需要洗了。
My bicycle wants repairing/to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修。
e. 跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词。
??to do尽力做……try? ?doing尝试做……?
We’ll try to improve our studying method. 我们应该尽力改进我们的学习方法。 I tried writing but didn’t succeed. 我尝试着写作但是没有成功。
??to do打算做……mean?
?doing意味着做……?
I meant to go, but my teacher would not allow me to. 我打算走，但是老师不让我走。
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 错过了公交车意味着要多等一个小时。
??to do忘记/记得去做……
forget/remember?
?doing忘记/记得做过……?
Remember to post this letter for me after school. 记得放学后帮我邮寄这封信。
I forgot telling her the time of the meeting. 我忘记告诉她会议的时间了。
??to do＝be sorry to do遗憾要做……
regret?
?doing后悔做过……?
I regret to inform you that you didn’t pass the exam. 我很遗憾的通知你，你考试没有通过。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought of her. 我不后悔告诉她我怎么对她的看法。
?to do继续做……（另外一件事）?
go on?
?doing继续做……（同一件事）?
After he had finished his maths, he went on to do his physics. 做完数学作业之后，他继续做物理作业。 He shouldn’t go on living this way. 他不应该这么生活。
??（to）do 不能帮忙做……can't help?
?doing 忍不住要做……?
Mum, I can’t help (to) wash the clothes today, because I have a lot of homework to do.
妈妈，我今天不能帮忙洗衣服了，因为我有很多作业要做。
Upon seeing the old pictures, I can’t help thinking of my childhood. 一看到这些旧照片，我就禁不住的想起了我的童年。
f. 动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词前面有行为动词do的某种形
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