4. layered或abstract machine
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. code generator 代码生成程序，代码发生器 2. abstract machine 抽象机
3. program editor 程序编辑程序，程序编辑器 4. configuration item 配置项
5. 计算机辅助设计 CAD (computer-aided design) 6. 数据冗余 data redundancy
7. 指挥与控制系统 command and control system
8. 视频压缩与解压缩 video compression and decompression Unit Three: Computer Language and Programming Unit Three/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. artificial; instructions 2. low-level; high-level 3. machine 4. machine
5. functional; logic 6. statement 7. module 8. digital
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. storage register 存储寄存器 2. function statement 函数语句 3. program statement 程序语句
4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言 5. assembly language 汇编语言
6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言 7. relational language 关系（型）语言 8. artificial language 人工语言 9. data declaration 数据声明 10. SQL 结构化查询语言
11. 可执行程序 executable program 12. 程序模块 program module 13. 条件语句 conditional statement 14. 赋值语句 assignment statement 15. 逻辑语言 logic language 16. 机器语言 machine language 17. 函数式语言 functional language 18. 程序设计语言 programming language 19. 运行计算机程序 run a computer program 20. 计算机程序员 computer programmer
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets
the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to
machine-specific details.
The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the
development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符)
for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program
known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system
software known as linking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code and
load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The
concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of
programs to be built up to carry out common tasks―a first step toward the increasingly
emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently
inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the
1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs
that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages
became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code
in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言， 但它们使程序设计
员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径
一类的属性，以及在计算机 屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类
继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套
程 序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代
码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得 程序设计员的工作变得
比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。 Unit Three/Section B
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. objects
2. platform-independent 3. multithreading 4. runtime
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. native code 本机（代）码 2. header file 头标文件；页眉文件
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