accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
62. searched 考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched。 63. swept 考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。 规律方法5：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。 (2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。
【变式精练】One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home, though it ____45____ (address) to me at my office.（安徽省皖西南名校2018年高三阶段性检测联考） 【答案】was addressed
考点四 非谓语动词 【例1】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
63. to process 考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require表示“要求”， require to do sth表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth，表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。 【例2】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
68. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。 【例2】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
63. laying 考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。 【例3】 [2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is
not spending half-term 61.________ (rest).
61. resting 考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。 【例4】[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
65. to prove 考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。 【例5】[2017·浙江卷6月考]
Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
规律方法6：如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点：
1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词； 2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。 (3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have
done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
【变式精练】1. I had for a long time had a desire___47___(reach)out to them but my doubting mind had always had an upper hand.（广东省五校2018届高三12月联考） 【答案】to reach
【解析】47. 考查动词。句意：长久以来我有一种渴望，愿意给他们提供帮助，但是我犹豫不决的心理总是占上风。have a desire to do sth.“作……的渴望”是常用搭配。故填to reach。
2. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day,___46___ (call) Science Daily.（河北省五个一联盟2018届高三上学期第二次模拟） 【答案】2. is called
考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
【例1】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 66. worse 考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。 【例2】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes. 69. careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
【例3】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 65. were used 考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。 66. fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
【例4】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
70. successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
【例5】[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]It is 70._____ ___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.” 70. certainly 考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
【例6】[2017·浙江卷6月考]But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57.________ (shine)
object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. 57. shiny/shining 考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。 【例7】[2017·浙江卷6月考]
Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal.
60. earlier 考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。
61. to cook 考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。 【例8】The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.（2016·新课标Ⅰ）
【答案】 officially
【解析】考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
【例9】Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular).（2016·全国新课标II） 【答案】regularly
【例10】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.（2016·全国新课标Ⅲ） 【答案】gradually
【解析】考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。 规律方法7：如何判断空格处应填容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换？ (1) 正确判断形容词、副词的等级。通过语境或特殊句式确定形容词或副词的等级。 (2) 根据所给词的语法功能确定词的正确形式。
【变式精练】1. Cambridge University is one of the ___41___ (old) universities in the world, and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. （广西贵港市2018届高三上学期12月联考） 【答案】oldest
【解析】41. 句意：Cambridge University是世界上最古老的大学之一。再根据the可知此处用最高级，故答案为oldest。
2. International students often underestimate the stress caused by ___46___ (sudden) changing cultures, friends, methods of teaching and living environments.（四川省蓉城名校高2018届高三上学期第一次联考） 【答案】suddenly
【解析】46. suddenly 考查副词用法。suddenly修饰动名词changing。国际生通常低估了文化、朋友圈、教学方法和生活环境的突然变化。
3. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site ___45___ (suit) for them as well.（河北省五个一联盟2018届高三上学期第二次模拟） 【答案】suitable。
【解析】45. 考查固定结构。find + sb. / sth. + adj. 意为“发现某人(物)……”。形容词作find的宾语补足语，所以填suitable。
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