D. Talking loudly when you enjoy the collections. 23. From the passage we can learn that . A. the museum runs a school and has students of its own B. the museum offers educational programs
C. part of school education has to be done in the museum D. school programs are only run at weekends and on holidays
B
Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to the sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. They had to know the depth and profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs, it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
24. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on .
A. an academic aspect
B. a business aspect
C. an international aspect D. a military aspect
25. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was . A. to conduct some sounding experiments in the oceans B. to calculate the length of cable that was needed C. to measure the depths of the two oceans D. to collect samples of sea plants and animals
26. It was______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. A. the American Navy
B. some early intercontinental travelers C. those who earned a living from the sea
D. the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 27. This passage is mainly about . A. the beginnings of oceanography B. the laying of the first undersea cable C. the investigation of ocean depths D. the early intercontinental communications
C
Last week, my granddaughter started kindergarten, and I wished her every success. But part of me didn’t. I actually wanted her to fail in some ways because I believe that failure can be good for our learning process. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can often be a problematic (存在问题的) victory. First-time success is usually a fluke (侥幸). First-time failure, however, is supposed to be the natural order of things. Failure is how we learn.
In Africa they describe a good cook as “she who has broken many pots”. If you’ve spent enough time in the kitchen to have broken a lot of pots, probably you know a fair amount about cooking. I once had dinner with a group of cooks, and they spent time comparing knife wounds and burn scars. They knew how much credibility (可信) their failures gave them.
I earn my living by writing a daily newspaper column. Each week I know that one column I write is going to be the worst column. I try my best every day. I have learned to love that column. A successful column usually means that I am discussing my familiar topic, writing in a style I am used to or saying the same things as anyone else but in a better way.
My younger daughter is a trapeze artist (荡秋千演员). She spent three years practising a show, and she did it successfully for years. There was no reason for her to change it but she did anyway. She said she was no longer learning anything new and she was bored. And if she was bored, there was no point in subjecting (使……服从于) her body to all that stress. She risked failure and great public embarrassment in order to feed her soul.
My granddaughter is a perfectionist. She will feel her failures, and I will want to comfort her. But I will also, I hope, remind her of what she learned, and how she can do better next time. I hope I can tell her, though, that it’s not the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is the beginning.
28. Why did the author want his granddaughter to fail? A. She would learn more from failure.
B. He wanted her to be strong enough to face hardships. C. It’s impossible to do everything successfully. D. Success is boring though good.
29. What’s the author’s attitude toward his daughter changing her show? A. Negative.
B. Worried.
C. Anxious.
D. Positive.
30. The author develops the article mainly by . A. following the time order C. giving examples
B. comparing different opinions
D. giving a cause and analyzing its effects
31. The writer talked about his own experience to show that . A. we should try every possible way to avoid failure B. the thought of failure will make you work even harder C. past failures made him dare not take risks in writing D. we cannot depend on luck to live a good life
D
Nothing is quite as luxurious as a steaming hot shower on a frosty winter day, but to be kind to your skin and hair, you’ll need to turn the nozzle (喷头) down. As it turns out, hot water dries out skin and leaves hair dry and easily broken, Sejal Shah, MD (Doctor of Medicine) in New York City, told Women’s Health. And if you dye (染）your hair, the color is likely to fade faster once the water gets steamy. To make matters worse, by making your skin lose natural oils, hot showers—above 99 degrees Fahrenheit—may bring about health problems. You may not like it, but the showers temperature that offers the greatest hair and skincare benefits is, well, cold.
“Cold showers strengthen the contractile fibers around pores (毛孔), muscles, and hairs which improve the firmness of skin,” says Carl Thornfeldt, MD with over 30 years of skin research experience. Though many people believe hot showers open and clear pores, it’s actually wiser to close them. “Closing pores helps keep pollution from getting into the skin, at least temporarily.”
The benefits of cold showers are numerous, but surely we can’t be expected to stand under cold water shivering every day especially in winter — not to mention that too cold (below the body’s average temperature of 96.6 degrees Fahrenheit) is also bad. Fortunately, Dr. Thornfeldt recommends a happy medium. “The best solution is to take a warm, not too hot shower and then finish off with cold water for the last few seconds to still gain the rewards of the cold water,” he says.
That doesn’t sound too unbearable. Considering the fact that our beloved, steamy showers may cause so much damage to skin and hair, it’s best to switch to slightly warm temperatures to avoid losing natural oils and drying out, especially in winter when indoor heat is already sucking moisture (水分) out of skin. So, when the main part of an extremely comfortable warm shower is complete, finish off with a cool splash. Your hair and skin will thank you!
32. Why does your hair dislike a hot shower? A. It causes hair-related illness. C. It makes your hair fragile.
B. It makes your hair go grey. D. It leads to hair loss.
33. How do cold showers benefit skin? A. They make pores nearly unseen. C. They drive dirt out of skin.
B. They make skin stronger. D. They brighten skin color.
34. What does the underlined word “shivering” probably mean? A. fighting with courage C. trembling with fear
B. recovering from pain D. shaking with cold
35. What kind of water is advised to use for showers in winter? A. Warm water mainly and cold water at the end. B. Completely cold water. C. Water as warm as your body. D. Warm water and cold water by turns. 第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Elements of Success
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