(完整版)基于AT89C51单片机的步进电动机控制系统毕业设计论文

Based on the AT89C51 single-chip stepper motor

control system design

ABSTRACT

With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, the stepper motor demand grow with each passing day, which is widely used in printers, electric toys and other consumer products, industrial robots and CNC machine tools, medical equipment and other mechanical and electrical products, the national economy in various fields are applied. Study of stepping motor control system, to improve the control precision and response speed, energy saving etc be converted into electric pulse signal of angular displacement or line displacement of the mechanical and electrical components, a stepper motor control system is mainly composed of a stepping controller, a power amplifier and a stepper motor. Using single chip microcomputer control, using software to replace the stepping controller, which produce different types of step motor excitation sequence to control stepper motor operation mode.

This design is the use of AT89C51 single-chip stepper motor control, through the IO port output timing square wave as a stepper motor control signal, the signal through the ULN2003 chip stepper motor driver.

Practice the single chip microcomputer to control the step motor than the traditional stepping controller of the main research object is the open loop servo system in the most commonly used

executive device -- stepping motor.

Keywords：Stepper motor, MCU, Positive control, Keyboard control, LCD liquid crystal display

目 录

中文摘要 ................................................ I

英文摘要 ............................................... II

1 绪论 ................................................. 1

1.1 步进电机及其发展 ..................................... 1

1.2 步进电机在我国的发展应用及前景 ........................... 1

1.3 设计研究内容 ........................................ 2

2 控制系统硬件分析与设计 ............................... 3

2.1 步进电机 ........................................... 3

2.1.1 步进电机的原理 .................................. 3

2.1.2 步进电机的特点 .................................. 4

2.1.3 步进电机的分类 .................................. 4

2.1.4 永磁步进电机的控制原理 ............................. 5

2.2 单片机的选择 ...................................................... 6

2.2.1 单片机的引脚功能............................................. 6

2.2.2 主要特性 .................................................... 6

2.3 步进电机控制系统的组成 ............................................ 7

2.3.1 键盘控制电路 ................................................ 7

2.3.2 LCD液晶显示电路 ............................................. 8

2.3.3 步进电机驱动电路............................................ 10

3 控制系统软件分析与设计 ............................. 13

3.1 程序流程图 ....................................................... 13

3.2 读键盘子程序流程图 ............................................... 14

3.3 键盘处理子程序流程图 ............................................. 14

3.4 电机控制中断程序流程图 ........................................... 15

4 调试与改进 .......................................... 17

4.1 调试与改进 ....................................................... 17

4.2 运行结果 ......................................................... 17

结 论 .................................................. 19

致 谢 ................................................. 20

参考文献 ............................................... 21

附录 一 ................................................ 22

附录 二 ................................................ 27论文原创性声明