Nursing Science 护理学, 2019, 8(2), 132-137
Published Online April 2019 in Hans. http://www.hanspub.org/journal/ns https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2019.82026
Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliac Compartment Block after Pediatric Femoral Fracture
Menglu Jiang, Zhenqing Liu*
Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital, Wuxi Jiangsu
ththrd
Received: Mar. 30, 2019; accepted: Apr. 12, 2019; published: Apr. 23, 2019
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) on postoperative analgesia in children with femoral fractures. Methods: The clinical data of 51 children with femoral fractures from May 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the fascia iliac compartment block group (FI group, n = 24) and intravenous fentanyl group (FE group, n = 27) according to the anesthesia method. After induction of general anesthesia, both groups underwent ultrasound-guided iliac fascia puncture. The FI group was given ropivacaine, and the FE group was given the same amount of normal saline; after the surgery, the FI group was given ropivacaine-controlled analgesia (Patient controlled analgesia, PCA), and the FE group was given fentanyl PCA. The degree of pain in the children immediately after surgery, 6 hours after sur-gery, 12 hours after surgery, the degree of sedation in the children, the number of PCA administra-tions in the two periods of 0 to 6 h, 7 to 12 h after operation, and the complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The scores of Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) in the 3 to 7 years old children at different time points in the FI group were lower than those in the FE group (P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) scores in 8 to 14 years old children at different time points of the FI group were lower than those of the FE group (P < 0.05). The children in the FI group had lower Ramsay scores at different time points after operation than the control group (P > 0.05). After the surgery, the number of PCA administration at different time points in the FI group was less than that in the FE group (P < 0.05); the complications occurring in the FI group was less than that in the FE group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided FICB is superior to intravenous fen-tanyl anesthesia in the treatment of femoral fractures in children. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
Keywords
Ultrasound, Fascia Iliac Compartment Block, Pediatric, Femur Fracture, Analgesia
超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞在小儿股骨骨折术后的镇痛效果
*通讯作者。
文章引用: 姜梦露, 刘桢庆. 超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞在小儿股骨骨折术后的镇痛效果[J]. 护理学, 2019, 8(2): 132-137. DOI: 10.12677/ns.2019.82026
姜梦露,刘桢庆
姜梦露,刘桢庆*
无锡第九人民医院,江苏 无锡
收稿日期:2019年3月30日;录用日期:2019年4月12日;发布日期:2019年4月23日
摘 要
目的:探讨超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞(Fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB)对小儿股骨骨折术后镇痛效果的影响。方法:选取2017年5月~2018年6月期间在本院就诊的51例小儿股骨骨折临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据麻醉方式不同分为髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(FI组,n = 24)和静脉芬太尼组(FE组,n = 227)。全麻诱导后,两组均进行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙穿刺,FI组给予罗哌卡因,FE组给予等量生理盐水,术后FI组给予罗哌卡因自控镇痛(Patient controlled analgesia, PCA),FE组给予芬太尼PCA。比较两组术后即刻、术后6 h、术后12 h患儿疼痛程度,患儿镇静程度,术后0 h~6 h、7 h~12 h两个时间段PCA给药次数,并发症发生情况。结果:FI组3~7岁患儿术后不同时间点疼痛行为量表(Legs Activity Cry Consolability, FLACC)评分均低于FE组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);FI组8~14岁患儿术后不同时间点视觉模拟评分量表(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)评分均低于FE组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);FI组患儿术后不同时间点 Ramsay评分均低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);术后不同时间段,FI组PCA给药次数均少于FE组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);FI组并发症发生情况少于FE组,但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论:超声引导下FICB应用于小儿股骨骨折术后镇痛效果显著优于静脉芬太尼麻醉,值得临床推广。
关键词
超声,髂筋膜间隙阻滞,小儿,股骨骨折,镇痛
Copyright ? 2019 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access 1. 引言
股骨骨折是临床常见的骨折,手术治疗刺激强,术后疼痛难忍,其麻醉方式包括全身麻醉、神经阻滞等[1]。由于小儿解剖结构、生理特点、依从性不同于成人,麻醉不仅需要达到良好效果,还需要确保安全性[2]。髂筋膜间隙阻滞(Fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB)可通过阻滞股神经、闭孔神经和股外侧皮神经发挥镇痛作用,常用于成人及小儿股骨或髋关节骨折手术[3]。但传统FICB均在解剖定位下完成,药物易注射到髂筋膜间隙以外而以失败告终。超声引导下FICB可实时观察药物扩散情况,提高阻滞成功率[4]。本研究回顾性分析超声引导下FICB和静脉芬太尼麻醉患儿术后镇痛效果,现报道如下。
2. 资料与方法
2.1. 一般资料
选取2017年5月~2018年6月期间在本院就诊的51例小儿股骨骨折临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据麻醉方式不同分为髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(FI组)和静脉芬太尼组(FE组)。FI组24例,男14例,女童10例,
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2019.82026
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姜梦露,刘桢庆
年龄4~14岁,平均(8.41 ± 2.04)岁,体质量18.12 kg~58.42 kg,平均(34.84 ± 6.43) kg,美国麻醉医师学会(American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA)分级:I级10例,II级14例。FE组27例,男18例,女童9例,年龄3~14岁,平均(8.32 ± 2.42)岁,体质量18.83 kg~58.29 kg,平均(34.20 ± 6.35) kg,ASA分级:I级12例,II级15例。两组一般资料相似(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
纳入标准:1) 股骨骨折均为单侧;2) 年龄3~14岁;3) ASA分级I级或II级;4) 临床资料完整。排除标准:1) 智力发育滞后的患儿;2) 穿刺部位具有局部感染或解剖变异者;3) 凝血功能障碍者;4) 合并中枢神经系统或外周神经系统疾病;5) 对麻醉药物过敏者。
2.2. 麻醉方法
FI组患儿于麻醉诱导后,采用索诺声超声仪(美国Sonosite公司),8 MHz~13 MHz线型超声探头,通过超声定位明确髂筋膜间隙位置,了解其周围解剖结构,进行髂筋膜间隙阻滞穿刺。具体方法如下:患儿取仰卧位,下肢保持伸直状态,超声探头放置于腹股沟韧带中点处,与腹股沟韧带平行,在该区域进行扫查,找到髂筋膜间隙、股动静脉及股神经。常规消毒穿刺点,平面内进针,针尖穿过髂筋膜后回抽,确认无血注入0.25%罗哌卡因(辰欣药业股份有限公司,国药准字H20061065) 0.8 ml/kg。FE组髂筋膜间隙阻滞穿刺操作与FI组相同,但注入的是等量生理盐水。
手术结束后,两组均进行自控镇痛(Patient controlled analgesia, PCA),采用100-2 CBI+PCA型一次性使用便携式输注泵(北京科联升华医疗科技有限公司)。FI组患儿术后首次给予0.25 %罗哌卡因0.8 ml/kg,1 h后给予0.25 %罗哌卡因0.1 ml/kg,自控镇痛间隔时间为20 min。FE组首次给予芬太尼0.2 ug/kg,1 h后给予芬太尼0.068 ug/kg,自控镇痛间隔时间为20 min。当患儿疼痛评分超过3分时,通过按压1次按钮追加镇痛药液。
2.3. 观察指标
于术后即刻、术后6 h、术后12 h评价患儿疼痛程度。3~7岁患儿采用疼痛行为量表(Legs Activity Cry Consolability, FLACC)评价疼痛程度,包括腿、活动能力、啼哭、可安慰程度、面部表情等5个指标,每项0~2分,总计0~10分,评分4分以上代表镇痛无效;8~12岁患儿采用视觉模拟评分量表(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)评价疼痛程度,0~10分,评分4分以上代表镇痛无效。患儿镇静效果均采用Ramsay 镇静量表进行评价,1分:烦躁、不安静,2~4分:镇静满意;4~6分:镇静过度。记录术后0~6 h和7~12 h两个时间段PCA按压次数,记录术后并发症(恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、皮肤症状)发生情况。
2.4. 数据分析
对于连续型资料,首先进行正态性检验,若各组均满足正态性且两组间方差 齐,我们采用独立t检验进行组间比较;若以上条件不满足则采用非参数Mann-Whitney U检验。计数数据用百分数表示,组间比较行χ2或Fisher精确检验。数据差异性分析用SPSS 20.0软件分析,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。均为双侧检验。
3. 结果
3.1. 两组术后疼痛程度比较
FI组3~7岁患儿术后即刻、术后6 h、术后12 h FLACC评分均低于FE组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);FI组8~14岁患儿术后即刻、术后6 h、术后12 h VAS评分均低于FE组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表1和表2。
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2019.82026
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