candy; however, that wasn’t always the case. When the custom of trick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were given everything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit, nuts, coins and toys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promote their products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular, candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. It wasn’t until the 1970s, though, that wrapped, factory-made candy was viewed as the only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins that showed up on people’s doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parents feared that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren’t store-bought and sealed.
Today, when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands are enduring classics. For example, the first Hershey’s Milk Chocolate bar was produced in 1900 and Hershey’s Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founder Milton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass- production of milk chocolate and turned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to- do into something affordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town, Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry Burnett Reese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company and later worked at its factory. Inspired by Milton Hershey’s success, Reese, who eventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In the mid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies, including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey’s chocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull the plug on his other candies and focus on his most popular product, peanut butt cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B Reese Candy Company.
In 1923, a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar, which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedly named for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank’s son Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling out with his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Mars bar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that World War II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, son of a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply of ingredients; the candy’s name stands for Mars and Murrie.
Another crowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in 1935 as a Rowntree’s Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary and political group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club, established in the late 17th century. The group’s moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name of the man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, the brand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treat favorite, the Nestle Crunch bar, which debuted in the late 1930s.
What are the main features of Halloween candy in the 1970s?
Who does the underlined word “boogeymen” in Paragraph 1 refer to? Which of the following correctly describes Milton Hershey?
How was the name “Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp” derived? What is the passage mainly about? A、Safe, wrapped and factory-made. B、Original, homemade and expensive.
C、Delicious, manufactured and expensive. D、Convenient, homemade and inexpensive. A、Evil spirits haunting kids. B、People with evil intentions. C、Kids in Halloween costumes. D、Candy makers and store keepers.
A、He mass-produced milk chocolate bars for the wealthy.
B、He duplicated the brand of Hershey’s Kisses in 1907 for Halloween. C、He employed Harry Burnett Reese who later founded his own company. D、He encouraged Forrest Mars and Bruce Murrie to jointly produce M&Ms. A、It was renamed by Nestle, another maker of the Halloween candies. B、It was borrowed from the name of Rowntree’s Chocolate Crisp. C、It was named after a London literary and political group. D、It was abbreviated from the name of a shop owner. A、The names and brands of Halloween candies. B、The origin and history of Halloween candies. C、The popularity and fame of Halloween candies.
D、The consumers and manufacturers of Halloween candies. 试题答案：[['A'],['B'],['C'],['C'],['B']] 23、根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。
简述小组活动(group work )在英语教学中的两个作用(8分),并提出有效实施小组活 动的三条建议(12分)。
24、根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。
下面是某教师一节课导入环节的教学实录,单元话题为Animals in danger。
根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答：
(1)列出该教师运用封闭式和开放式提问的各两个例句。(12分)
(2)分析封闭式问题与开放式问题各自的一个优点和一个缺点。(12分) (3)分析该教师提问的两个特点。(6分)
25、根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。 设计任务：
阅读下面学生信息和语言素材,设计20分钟的阅读教学方案。教案没有固定格式,但须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives ●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation ●activities and justifications 教学时间:20分钟
学生概况:某城镇普通中学八年级(初中二年级)学生,班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》三级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。 语言素材：
David’s Hobbies
Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables and looking after animals. Some hobbies are relaxing and others are active. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. David Smith is a student, and one of his hobbies is writing. During the summer of 2010, he spent four weeks at a summer camp. As well as the usual activities, such
as sailing and climbing, there was a writing class. “The teacher was a writer, and she asked us to talk about our lives and tell interesting stories. Then she encouraged us to write about our experiences at the camp.”
Back at school, David wrote a story about the life of a sixteen-year-old boy, and it came out as a book in 2012. Many young people love his book, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer.
David has been very lucky because his hobby has brought him pleasure and success. But writing is not his only hobby. He is also interested in many other things. “I like playing volleyball too,\“I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team. Maybe I’ll write about my volleyball team in my future books.”
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