under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌
family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走 agree with sb 赞成某人 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 As soon as一怎么样就怎么样 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ??求助
向?要?（直接接想要的东西）ask sb for sth ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 at the age of 在??岁时 at the beginning of ? ?的起初；?的开始 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头； eg : At the end of the day在一天结束的时候 at this time of year在每年的这个时候 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够??
eg:She is able to sing. She can sing. be afraid to do of sth 恐惧，害怕??
eg : I'm afraed to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog. be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me be as?原级?as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
be away from 远离 be away from 从??离开 be bad for 对什么有害
eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于?? be careful 当心；小心 be different from?和什么不一样 be famous for 以??著名 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 be from = come from 来自
eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
be glad+to+do/从句 be good at(+doing) = do well in doing在某方面善长, 善于 be good for 对什么有好处
eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
be happy to do很高兴做某事 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 egReading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 be like 像?? eg : I'm like my mother
be made from 由?制成(看不见原材料) be made of 由??制成(还看得见原材料) be not sure 表不确定 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
be sorry to hear that 很遗憾听到….. be sorry to trouble sb 很抱歉打扰… eg : I am sorry to trouble you
be the same as ? 和什么一样 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 between?and? 两者之间 borrow sth from sb 向?借?
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lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth) 借给??什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen ) both = the same(as) = not different(from) 相同 communicate with sb 和某人交流 decide to do sth 决定做某事 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 each +名（单）每一个?
eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
enjoy +doing喜欢 expect to do sth 期待做某事 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home
find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting
forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door from?to? 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
go to school 上学（用于专业的） go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） hope to do sth 希望做某事 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 in the sun 在太阳下 increase 增加
eg :They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%他们把石油价增加了3% The population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 Introduce oneself 自我介绍
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 It takes sb sometime to do sth做某人花掉某人多少时间 eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework
It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对?? 来说是个好主意 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me
It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了 join = take part in 参加 just now 刚才 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 laugh at? 取笑??
eg : Don't langh at others We laughed at the joke
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learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng
learn to do sth 学做某事 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 8 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地
eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
look after = take care of 照顾 照看 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you
not?until 直到??才?? eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back
on one's way to? 在谁去那的路上 on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 on time 准时 in time 及时
one of +可数名词的复数形式 pay for? 付??钱 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上
sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 tell sb sth tell sb that tell sb not to do sth tell a story讲故事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。 主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数（简称“三单”）时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：
1）一般动词在词尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等； 2）以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等；
3）以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等； 4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等； 5）have的三单形式是has。
冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）
冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种。 1、定冠词the表示“特指”，可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。 2、不定冠词a, an用来表明（可数）名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头（注意不是以元音字母开头）的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”，而基数词则强调“数量”。
助动词（do, does ）的用法 只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例： 1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。 eg : I like English a lot. Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2）当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。
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例如把下列句子变否定句： Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3）当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.
例如下列句子变问句： Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jane and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes; 2、用of表示“......的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine（我的一本书） 3、have与of的区别： have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。
例如： I have a new bike. She has two big eyes. a door of the house 1)Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. ---Not bad, thanks. Hi! Hello! How do you do?
2）道别用语： Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间） Nice to meet/ see you, too. Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night! 3）介绍人或者物的句型：This is... 4）Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。 5）词组be from = come from in English
6）当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it；问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser. What are those?----They are books. 7）对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasure.
8）look the same = have the same looks give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. be like = look like in the tree/ on the tree （树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in） in red（穿着红色的衣服） in the desk（在空间范围之内） in English（用英语） 9）both与all的区别： both表示“两者都......”；all表示“三者及以上都......”。
10）speak的用法 speak与say不同：speak表示“说”的动作，不表示“说”的内容；say则表示“说”的内容。 speak后面除了能接“语言”外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示“对......说”。
help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做/补习......） want to do sth.（想要做某事） would like to do sth. not...at all（一点都不）； Not at all.（没关系/别介意） like...a lot = like...very much 12）work与job的区别： work是未必有报酬的“工作”，例如homework, housework；而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。
13）on指在物体的表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如： on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground 14）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在医院里）
look after（照料/照顾/照看） help oneself（请自便/随便吃） 15）表示“建议”的句型：“做某事如何？” What about (doing) sth.? （英式英语） How about (doing) sth.? （美式英语） Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
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16）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one's order be kind to sb.
17）try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。
18）在口语中往往用take表示“买”。
19）how many与how much的区别： how many + 可数名词；how much + 不可数名词 20)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法； How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about（考虑） Thank you all the same. （即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢） Thanks. = Thank you.（thank作为动词，不能单独使用。）
21）one与it的区别： 当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替；如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。 Eg: Ann ：I have a yellow bag. Jane ：I have a green one.
Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike? Mike ： Look, it's over there.
22）倒装句 Here you are. Here it is.
23）be free （有空/免费） forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事） forget doing sth.（忘了做过某事）
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...? 24）go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。 例如： go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等 25）have to do sth.（非主观因素，强调客观因素，“不得不去做某事”） must 则表示主观愿望
26）时间的表述 当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用“分钟”past“小时”。 Eg: 8：23——twenty-three past eight 当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。
Eg: 8：49——eleven to nine 当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，
Eg: 8：23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine 整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”， Eg: 8：00——eight o'clock 在钟点前介词要用at. 27）句型“该干某事了。”：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth. 例如：该吃午饭了. It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
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