Unit 2 Saving the Earth
Topic 3 What can we do at home to protect the environment?
一.重点句型: Section A
1. Then we sort them so that they can be recycled. 并把它们分类存放,以便回收利用。 A. sort v. 整理,归类,分拣; sort letters 分拣信件;
I like sorting things in my spare time.在空闲时间我喜欢整理东西。 B. sort= kind n.分类,类别;品质,本性;方法;一群;
a sort of 一种.......; sort of adv. 有点,有几分地(想不出恰当的词或不知下面该怎么说时用)可以说,可说是;
You can't put that sort of fear into words. 那种恐惧无法用语言表达。
2. We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags . 我们应该双面使用纸张,重复使用塑料袋。
both 修饰复数名词;而 either 修饰单数名词; There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.
= There are a lot of trees on either side of the road. 在路的两边有许多树。
3.My main job is to help spread message about protecting the environment. 我主要的工作是帮助做有关保护环境的宣传。
4. We all know that you’re working for some organizations that protect the environment. 我们都知道你在为环保组织工作。 work for… 表“为……工作”
He works for a foreign company in Shanghai. 他在上海为一家外资公司工作。
Section B
1. Would you like to be a greener person? 你想成为一名绿色使者吗?
2. You ought to shut off the electricity when you leave a room.你离开房间的时候应该随手关灯。
(1) A. ought to 情态动词, 表 “应该; 应当”; 语气比 should 强;指道义上应该做的事,有时含有责备或督促的语气。should 指主观上感到有责任或义务去做。
B. ought to 是情态动词,无人称和时态、数的变化,后接动词原形;
You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。 We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。 C. 其否定式和疑问式:
① ought to 的否定式: ought not to + v. =oughtn’t to +v. ② ought to 的疑问句形式是将ought提前即可。
You oughtn't to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。 Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我该告诉她坏消息吗? Yes, you ought. No, you oughtn't.
3. You’d better walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi.
A. instead of 是动词短语,意为“代替”, 其后接名词、动名词、代词。
B. instead 是副词,意为“代替,替代”.常放在句末或句首,后不接其他词。 C.take the place of意为“代替…,取代…,接替…的位置”,可作谓语。
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练习:
1)Mr. Li was ill,so Mr Zhang took his lesson ___ him. A.instead B.instead of C.but D.either 2)We’ve got no coffee.Let’s have tea____.
A.either B.however C.yet D.instead
4.It’s so easy to be a greener person.成为一名环保者真容易。
A. It is / was +adj. + to do sth. 句型中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是 to be a greener person。类似的句型有 It is / was +adj. + of / for sb.to do sth. 。 B. 当用形容词来描述人的性格、特征、品质时,通常选用of, 这类形容词有 good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful 等。 It’s nice of you to come. 你能来实在太好了。 C. 当形容词用来描述事物的性质、特征时,通常选用for, 这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, interesting等。
It’s very important for everyone to protect the environment. 对每个人来说,保护环境都很重要。
5.Easier said than done. 说得容易,做得难。
6.Actions speak louder than words. 百说不如一干;事实胜于雄辩。
Section C
1.It’s too small to hold many people,but the larger models will be developed in the near future.它太小,不能承载太多的人,但是,不就的将来,更大的车型将会被研制出来。
① hold v. 容纳,包含;
The plane holds about 300 passengers. 这架飞机可容纳大约300名乘客。 ② hold v. 拿着,抓住,抱住;
He was holding the baby in his arms. 他抱着婴儿。 ③ hold v. 召开,举行,进行(比赛,会议等);
The Olympic Games are held every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。 ④ hold v. (打电话时)等待,不挂断; Hold on, please! 请稍等。
2.People use sunlight to produce electricity. 人们用太阳光发电。 A. use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事;
People use wood to make paper. 人们用木材造纸。 B. be used for doing sth, / to do sth. 被用来做某事;
Wood is used to make paper. = Wood is used for making paper. 木材被用来造纸。 C. be / get used to doing sth. 习惯(做)某事; I am used to living here. 我习惯住在这里。 D. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事;
Mr. White used to smoke. 怀特先生过去常常吸烟。 Section D
1. They plant different types of trees so that birds and animals can live in the forests。他们种植了不同种类的树,因此小鸟和动物们能够居住在森林里。 so that 此处引导目的状语从句,意为“目的是,为的是”,可换成 in order that。
They climbed higher so that they might see farther. 他们爬得更高,以便看得更远。 2. You have not started turning green yet.你还没有开始成为绿色使者。
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green 不单纯指“绿色”,也可借这种颜色用来指代保护环境的人。 You are pale green. 你刚刚成为绿色卫士。 You are medium green. 你是中级绿色卫士。 You are bright green. 你优秀的绿色卫士。
3. Your are bright green,but do not stop trying. 你是个优秀的绿色使者,但是不要停止努力。
A. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事;
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking and laughing. 当老师走进来,学生们停止了说笑。
B.stop to do sth. 停下来(正在做的事)做另一件事; He stopped to talk with her. 他停下来和她讲话。
二.重点词组
1.interview sb. 采访某人; 2.environmental protection 环境保护;
3.work for 为.......工作,为.......坚持不懈地努力; 4.main job 主要工作;
5.spread the message about… 宣传有关……的信息; 6.the three R’s —reduce,reuse and recycle 3R----- 减少使用、再次使用和回收再利用;
7.reduced the waste 减少浪费;
8.reuse plastic bags 重复使用塑料袋; 9.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事; 10.save money 节约资金; 11.collection waste paper 收集废纸; 12.soft drink cans 软饮料瓶;
13.wonderful ideas! 多么好的想法啊! 14.failed the exam 考试不及格; 15.nod the head 点头; 16.shake the head 摇头;
17.miss the bus 错过那趟公交车; 18.type of garbage 垃圾种类; 19.glass bottles 玻璃瓶; 20.paper cups 纸杯;
21.get so much garbage 找到这么多垃圾; 22.lunch box 午餐盒; 23.shut off the electricity 关电;
24.both sides of...... ……的两面; 25.reduce air pollution 减少空气污染; 26.ought to +v. = be supposed to v. 应该做某事; 27.leave a room 离开房间; 28.ride a bike 骑自行车;
29.take a bus or taxi 乘公交车或出租车; 30.travel a short distance 短途旅行; 31.save energy 节约能源; 32.instead of 代替;
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33.take a cloth bag 带上一个布袋;
34.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 35.Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。 36.after all 毕竟,终归;
37.lose one’s home 失去某人的家园; 38.produce power from… 从……获得能量 39.acid rain 酸雨;
40.use nuclear energy 使用核能;
41.solve the energy problem 解决能源问题; 42.use biogas technology 使用沼气技术; 43.renewable energy 可再生能源; 44.key disadvantage 主要缺点; 45.electric vehicles 电动车;
46.2010 Shanghai World Expo 2010上海世博会; 47.the best-known maglev train 磁悬浮列车; 48.reach a top speed of 最高速度可达........ 49.maglev guide paths 悬浮轨道; 50.traditional steel railways 传统轨道; 51.run out 用完,耗尽; 52.the lungs of the earth 地球的肺; 53.remove carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳; 54.make oxygen 制造氧气;
55.face many difficulties 面对很多困难; 56.so that 目的是,为的是; 57.even though / even if 即使,尽管,虽然; 58.be used for doing sth. 被用作做某事; 59.take a shower 淋浴;
60.pick the litter up 捡起垃圾; 61.paper towel 纸巾; 62.turn off the lights 关灯;
63.stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事; 64.stop to do sth. 停下来(正在做的事)做另一件事;
三.重点语法
并列句:是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子,连词前可用逗号,也可不用逗号。
1.表示并列关系,常用连接词有and, not only…but also…等。如:
His father is a teacher and his mother is a doctor.他的父亲是一位老师,母亲是一位医生。 Mr. Green can not only drive a car but also repair it.格林先生不但会开车而且还能修车。 2.表示转折,常用连词有but, while等。如:
I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it. 我给妹妹买了一件礼物,但是她并不喜欢。
Tom does housework every day while his sister does nothing.汤姆每天都做家务活,而他的妹妹什么也不做。
3.表示选择关系,常用连词有or, either…or…等。如:
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