第十一周 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较等句型在写作中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态
英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多，要普遍。一般说来，当强调动作承受者、不必说出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。
1．主动语态变被动语态
①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials. →To enlarge vocabulary, more native materials should be read. ②They carried out a survey among 260 students. →A survey was carried out among 260 students. 2．写作中常见的被动语态
(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The exhibition will be held from 9 am to 5 pm the day after tomorrow in Folk Custom Museum.
展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在民俗博物馆举行。
②Luckily, she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. 幸运的是，她受伤不严重，并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。 (2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词
①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced. 为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own smartphones in China now. 正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有智能手机的人越来越多。 (3)get＋过去分词
①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked. 通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。
②I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet got injured.
我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的一只脚受伤了。 [即时演练] 句型转换(主动语态变被动语态) 1．Above all, we must do something to stop pollution. →Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution. 2．We encourage all the employees to work on line at home. →All_the_employees_are_encouraged_to_work_on_line_at_home.
3．I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.
→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.
二、委婉动听的虚拟语气
虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中，常不需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点的客观性。
1．陈述语气变虚拟语气
①I didn't take his advice, so I failed in the exam.
→If I had taken his advice, I wouldn't have failed in the exam. ②It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.
→It's time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals. 2．写作中常见的虚拟语气
(1)if型虚拟语气，“如果……，就……”
Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends. 第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。 (2)wish型虚拟语气，“希望……”
Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class. 另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。 (3)as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像……”
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened. 童年的一切一下子涌入我的大脑，仿佛刚刚发生似的。 (4)if only型虚拟语气，“要是……就好了；但愿……” If only I could go back and reset my goals. 要是我能够回到过去重订目标该有多好。
(5)It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，“是……的时候了”
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make changes. 确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出改变的时候了。 (6)(should) do型虚拟语气，“应该……”
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people. 为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。
(7)without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气，“没有……，要不是……”
Without your help, I couldn't have won first place in the English Speaking Competition. 要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。 [即时演练] 用虚拟语气补全句子 1．建议每个人都应多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more fruit and vegetables. 2．没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Without your help, we wouldn't_have_finished the work ahead of time. 3．看我现在所处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！ Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken your advice! 4．是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。
It's high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard.
三、不比不知道的倍数和比较句型
表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确性，提升文章的档次。 1．倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋(名词)＋as
After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year. 引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。 2．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……
The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn. 老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。
3．比较级＋than＋any (other)＋名词单数 ...比任何其他的都…… Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class. 迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。 4．prefer ... to ...喜欢……胜过……
As for wild release and controlled release, I prefer the latter one to the former one. 对于自由分享和定向分享，我喜欢后者胜过前者。
5．be senior/junior to 比……年长/年龄小；(地位或级别等)比……高/低 Mr. Liu is three years senior to me, but he is junior to me in our company. 刘先生长我3岁，但在公司里级别比我低。 [即时演练] 用倍数和比较句型补全句子
1．我们的城市已经扩展成了一个大城市，是原来的4倍大。
Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be. 2．学生被鼓励得越多，他学习就会越努力。
The_more a student is encouraged, the_harder he will work at his lessons. [综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.根据要求补全句子
1．作为一名学生，我认为应该采取一些措施保护我们的环境。(被动语态) As a student, I think some_measures_should_be_taken to protect our environment. 2．应该鼓励学生养成良好的习惯以及表现得更得体。(被动语态)
Students should_be_encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves better. 3．如果当时你努力的话，你就能轻松地通过期末考试。(虚拟语气) If you had_worked_hard,_you would_have_easily_passed the final exam. 4．我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，像运动、听音乐等。(虚拟语气)
I_suggest_you_(should)_keep_the_balance between your study and entertainment, such as sports, listening to music and so on.
5．是我们该采取措施与经济领域的犯罪作斗争的时候了。(虚拟语气)
It's_high_time_that_we_took/should_take_measures to fight against crimes in economic field. 6．如今，一些青少年宁愿在家玩电脑游戏也不愿意出去做运动。(比较句型)
Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_play_computer_games_at_home_rather_than_go_out to do exercise. Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型。 1．我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，建起了很多新房，人们的生活水平有了很大提高。 2．一般来说，我们越富裕就会感觉越幸福。
3．如果你处在一个严重污染的环境中，你的心情不会好。 4．要是我们永远有一个干净整洁的环境就好了。 5．我强烈建议采取措施制止污染。 参考范文：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown, where a lot of new houses have been built. People's living standard has been raised greatly.
Generally speaking, the richer we are, the happier we feel. But if you were in a badly-polluted environment, you wouldn't be in a good mood. If only we always had a very clean and tidy environment! I strongly suggest that measures (should) be taken to stop pollution.
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