英语写作技巧与实践 (1) (句子篇 )
? 1、主语+动词(S V)
? 2、主语+动词+宾语 (S V O) ? 3、主语+动词+补语 (S V C) ? 4、主语+动词+状语 (S V A)
? 5、主语+动词+宾语+状语 (S V O A) ? 6、主语+动词+宾语+补语 (S V O C)
? 7、主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S V Oi Od)
? 从以上基本句型看,英语的句子是围绕主语和动词进行的,因此在句子写作是主语
和动词是永远的中心和首选,其它成分根据内容要求适当填补。
课堂练习(汉译英)
? 1、学生们在学习。
? The students are diligently studying. ? 2、人群欢呼起来。 ? The crowd cheered. ? 3、随身听不好使了。 ? The walkman doesn't work. ? 4、隔墙有耳。 ? The wall has ears. ? 5、我给自己伤着了。 ? I hurt myself
? 6、志强写了一篇漂亮的作文。 ? Zhiqiang wrote a beautiful article. ? 7、他是我的好朋友之一。
? He is one of the best friends of mine. ? 8、李勇被选为学生会主席。
? Li Yong was elected chairman of the Students’ Union. ? 9、中国是个伟大的国家。 ? China is a great country. ? 10、他住在美国。
? He lives in the United States. ? 16、天冷了,树叶黄了。
? It is cold, and leaves are turning yellow. ? 17、父母认为他们的孩子是个天才。 ? The parents thought the child a genius.
? 18、许多外商把中国看成是个巨大的市场。
? Many foreign businessmen regard China as a huge market. ? 19、他的夫人给他买了一份漂亮的领带。 ? His wife bought him a beautiful tie. ? 20、教授给我们看了他的影集。
? The professor showed us his photo album.
英语句子通过连词(状语从句)、关系词(定语从句)和分词、动名词及不定式来构成句子,因此它的句子构成方式是“形合”的。汉语句子则不同,它的句子往往是平行的,是通过意思和在一起的,因而是“意合”的。
? 例如,汉语一个句子里可集结几个动词,“人们认为去看电影会花很多钱。”,而英
语一个句子只允许有一个主要动词,其他表示动作的次只能以非谓语形式或从句形式出现。这是因为汉语中一个字不作任何变化,可以充当动词、名词、形容词或其他词性,而英语中一个词用作不同的词性有词形的变化。 ? 根据句子语法结构,英语可分为简单句,并列句,复合句。 简单句
简单句可以独立存在,所以也称独立句。简单句有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
a. I don’t know her very well.
b. He criticized and punished me: not two or three times in the week, nor once or twice in the day, but continually.
c. They entered the room, singing and dancing.
? 并列句
? 并列句由两个或两个以上简单句子组成。通过使用标点符号,并列连词,连接副词
等语言手段,将简单句子连接成并列句子。 ? 1)并列连词:and, but, or, for, yet, so , nor
? 2)besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, also(表示附加) ? likewise, in the same way, similarly(表示类似)
? however, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, otherwise, in contrast, on the other hand(表示对
照和转折)
? accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, as a result, for this reason(表示因果关系) ? thus, thereby, by this means, in this manner(表示手段与结果)
? for example, for instance, in fact, in particular, indeed(表示加强语气或举例) ? meanwhile, then, subsequently, afterwards, earlier, later(表示时间顺序)
? 并列连词同逗号一起使用;连接副词连接的并列句,通常在第一个分句后面有分号,
连接副词如果位于第二个分句句首,其后用逗号;如果在第二个分句中间,则在其两端用逗号同句子分开。连接副词如果同并列连词一起使用,就不用分号,而用逗号。
? A. The book is very good, but it is too expensive for me.
? B. Some students are cleaning the window, and some others are sweeping the floor.
? C.I t was late, thus you must go.
(15)句子种类练习
1、没有我的帮助他们完成不了工作,所以他们找到了我。
They can’t finish their work without my help, so they came for my help.
? 2、我非常喜欢这部电影,但我的哥哥却很讨厌它。 I am fond of this movie, but my brother doesn't’t like it.
? 3、此外,刘强还学了如何操作电脑。
In addition, Liu Qiang learned how to operate a computer.
? 4、他很聪明,可另一方面,他却出错很多。
He is very intelligent, on the other hand, he made many mistakes.
? 5、他跌倒了,腿骨折了。结果是,他两个月将不能上课。
He fell down and hurt his leg. As a result, he was unable to go to class for two months.
? 6、李娜昨晚参加晚会了,因此没有做功课。
Li Na went to the party yesterday evening, so she didn't’t do her assignments.
? 7、妈妈去商店了,同时,我在家里准备晚餐。
Mother went shopping, meanwhile I was cooking dinner at home.
? 8、她好像不想去参加派对。另外,她的衣着也不够好。
She didn't’t seemed to go to the party, beside, her clothes were not good enough.
? 9、你们班一些同学英语很好,比如,王刚英语说得很棒。
Some students from your class are good at English, for instance, Wang Gang is a very good speaker.
? 10、他一点不介意。实际上,他很高兴。
He didn't’t mind. As a matter of fact, he was very pleased.
? 复合句
? 复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句组成。从句是在句子中充当一个句子成分
的主谓结构, 在句子中居次要地位,不能作为句子单独存在。根据从句在句子中的作用,从句可分为名词性从句、形容词从句、副词从句。这些从句必须由从属连词、关系代词、关系副词引导,依赖主句而存在,不能单独成为句子。
名词性从句
? 1)动词主语的名词从句
? That money doesn’t grow on trees should be obvious. ? It is obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees. ? 2)作动词宾语的名词从句
? Everybody knows that money doesn’t grow on trees ? 3)描写感情的形容词之后的名词从句 ? I’m sorry that you failed again.
? (sorry, sure, glad, pleased, sure, certain) ? 4)疑问词引出的名词从句
? I don’t know whether he has signed the contract.
? 6、在学校成绩优秀的学生毕业时很容易找到工作。
? Those who do well at university can easily find a job after graduation. ? 7、他告诉了我他没有通过大学英语四级的原因。 ? He told me the reasons why he had failed in the CET 4. ? 8、我对他什么时候回来不感兴趣。
? I am not interested in the time when he will come back. ? 9、我们过多久才能知道他们是否来还是不来? ? How soon can we know whether he will come or not. ? 10、一些出生于独生子女家庭的孩子似乎较自私。 ? Some children who are from one-child families
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