C. It moves in an elliptical orbit. A. The Recent Research into Mars C. The Great Discovery on Mars
D. It travels in a circular orbit. B. The Surprising Motion of Mars D. The Wonderful Mystery of Mars
60. What is the best title for the passage?
【C】
Scientists have created a scent(气味)-delivery system that releases a pleasant fragrance when you sweat. Apply it to your skin, and the more you sweat, the better you’ll smell. That’s because the perfume only gets released upon contact with moisture(湿气).
Chemists from Harvard University combined two compounds(化合物) to create their new system. One chemical is alcohol-based. This is the nice-smelling perfume. The other chemical is an ionic liquid(离子性液体), which is a type of salt that is liquid at room temperature. Ionic liquids are made of ions---molecules that have lost or gained one or more electrons. If the molecule loses electrons, it will have a positive charge. If it gains electrons, it gets a negative charge. Ionic liquids contain the same number of positive and negative ions, which makes them neutral(中性的), with no overall electric charge. In general, ionic liquids have no smell.
When the perfume and ionic liquid are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs. This bonds the molecules to each other. The reaction also temporarily inactivates(使不活跃) the perfume’s molecules. So when applied to the skin, the new perfume has no scent in the beginning. But adding water or sweat breaks the bond between the molecules. That releases the scent into the air.
“The rate of the release of the fragrance depends on how much you sweat, in other words, how much water is available,” explains chemist Nimal Gunaratne from Harvard University, who led the research. “Sweat is like the command to let the fragrance go.”
Christian Quellet is a chemist who has worked in the perfume industry for a long time. He is now an independent consultant based in Switzerland. “Gunaratne’s perfume opens the door to new developments and applications of fragrance controlled-release systems,” he says. Controlled-release systems allow small quantities of some compounds that they hold to enter the environment slowly.
The system also traps some chemicals in sweat that are responsible for the bad sweat smell. These compounds are called thiols (硫醇). Just as water does, thiols break apart the bond that ties the perfume to the ionic liquid. When this happens, the thiols attach to the ionic liquid and their bad scent is inactivated as the perfume had been. This means the water in sweat and its thiols are both able to release the fragrance from the newly developed perfume.
61. Which of the following makes the scent delivery system special?
A. When it releases scent can be well controlled.
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B. No perfume is required in the system. C. The scent can last for a long time. D. Sweat can help release the scent.
62. The scent is released into the air when ________.
A. the perfume comes into contact with the skin B. the perfume and ionic liquid contact each other C. the perfume’s molecules are inactivated by water
D. sweat activates the molecules of the perfume in the mixture system ________.
A. the more you sweat, the better you will smell B. the perfume can’t always cover the bad smell. C. how much water is available doesn’t matter much D. how you smell depends on how much perfume you use
64. What is Christian Quellet’s attitude towards Gunaratne’s new perfume? A. Indifferent.
B. Favorable.
【D】
It was a rainy December day when I knocked on Melissa and Bradley’s door for the first time. I was pregnant, cold, wet and without an umbrella; it rarely rains here. Melissa answered the door. She was quiet and downhearted, with dark bags under her eyes, and probably anemic(贫血的). She devoted all of her time to taking care of Bradley, at her expense. Since his ALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化症) diagnosis, Bradley had become steadily weaker and less capable. He had been robbed of the ability to stand, walk or to use his legs and arms.
Melissa hugged me in the doorway, the desperate grasp of someone who had lost hope. She had never seen me. It didn’t matter. The hospice(末期病人安养所) makes strangers family.
Melissa took my wet sweater in the doorway, saying, “I don’t see your wings, but I know they are there. You are surely an angle.” She invited me in, offered me a cookie and showed me a seat.
That day stands out, maybe because Bradley and Melissa are so much like me and my husband. Maybe because I saw my own depressed face in hers. Maybe because of the deep fear that I felt--- the fear of losing someone you love so deeply that the world couldn’t possibly continue to move around the sun without him or her.
When you tell people you’re a hospice nurse, the expected comment is always, “Oh I could never do that. I would cry all the time.” In truth, those who work in hospice do cry, not every day, but certainly enough. Still, despite the tears shed, there is a real privilege of being at the bedside of the dying. Now I’ve traded my stethoscope(听诊器) for a laptop, but my hospice experiences never fade away,
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63. What Nimal Gunaratne says in Paragraph 4 suggests that with this scent-delivery
C. Doubtful. D. Critical.
and what I learned from the dying is important and worth sharing.
Don’t sweat over small stuff. At the end of your life, everything that is not vitally important--- oh, let’s say, whether or not your pants are too tight---suddenly seems really unimportant. Ask yourself if what worries you will still worry you in 10 or 20 or 50 years. Answer honestly.
Pay attention to pains, aches or symptoms of disease, especially those involving your breasts, internal organs or skin. These things sneak up on you. Many people wish they had faced their fear, seen the doctor earlier and gotten treatment earlier.
Money is an illusion. You think you need so much. In the end, you don’t really need any of it. Prioritize(优先考虑) people and experiences over possession.
The key to a long life? There isn’t one. But a 105-year-old woman told me that she lived to be that old because she “didn’t take no shit from nobody”. The same woman told me that the one piece of advice that she would give to any woman is this: “A woman can do any damn thing that a man can do. You don’t need no man for nothing.”
Your body is just a vessel for your soul. Quit looking in the mirror. Quit thinking about your wrinkles, your dress size, etc. Quit worrying about your hair, makeup, or that mole(痣) on your chin (unless it might be cancerous). Quit thinking about any of that shit. It all fades anyway, one way or another.
Repair what’s broken. Above all else, at the end of people’s life, the one regret that every person shares is broken relationships. Whether it’s with your parents, your children or your brothers and sisters, if it can be repaired, repair it. At the end, love is everything.
In the hospice there are a lot of tears, and a lot to learn. 65. What was the author’s first impression of Melissa?
A. She seemed to be expecting her arrival. B. She looked very tired and in poor health. C. She was unhappy and didn’t welcome her. D. She must have just cried over something. A. Husband and wife. C. Nurse and patient.
B. Volunteer and patient.
D. Brother and
66. What is the most possible relationship between Bradley and Melissa?
sister.
67. What is the privilege of being at the bedside of the dying?
A. You can learn how to treat these patients well. B. You can enjoy the same treatment as the patients. C. You can be blessed with peace and love in the future. D. You can have access to something about the meaning of life. that _______.
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68. The underlined sentence “These things sneak up on you” in Paragraph 7 suggests
A. pains will always go along with you
B. diseases will certainly threaten your health C. bad things would happen to you suddenly. D. disease symptoms tend to escape your attention A. Nothing is important in the world at all. B. Get ready to accept whatever happens to you. C. Family affection and friendship matter the most. D. Beautiful appearance makes you achieve great success. A. never to do things on her own
B. never to overlook other people’s opinions C. never to care about what others say about her D. never to challenge herself to do what others expect
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第II卷（两部分 共35分）
69. According to the passage, which of the following is correct?
70. The key to the long life of the 105-year-old woman is ________.
第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
Autonomous or driverless cars are computer operated vehicles which drive themselves without needing any effort from a human driver or passenger. In many models, the vehicle senses the surrounding environment and navigates a given area by itself.
Nowadays autonomous cars are arousing huge waves of interest and curiosity across the world. Since the first autonomous car was tested in New York City in the 1920s, there have been many more attempts to create the perfect self-driven vehicle, with varying degrees of success. Although such cars are only for demonstration and experimental purposes now, the day is fast approaching when manufactures will mass-produce these vehicles for the general public.
As one of the most important technologies of the future, autonomous cars are of great advantage. For example, since all autonomous cars will have links with each other, and since they have neither get tired nor annoyed, their operation will be more reliable than human driving, which means that the number of road accidents will be reduced drastically. Also, self-driving cars will follow all traffic rules, navigate busy road efficiently and reduce accidents. In addition, if all the vehicles on the road are automated, they will work in sync with each other, effectively managing the flow of traffic and reducing safety gaps.
However, on the other hand, there are also disadvantages of self-driving cars. For instance, the use of autonomous cars will reduce the need for humans in several
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