词性与句子成分

词性与句子成分

一、英语中基本词性有名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、代词。 1、表示事物或个体名称的词叫名词。

1）名词可做 语、 语、 语、 语、 语。 A)The book is so interesting that I like the book. B) He is an engineer.

C).Professor Li, our math teacher, is very kind. 2）名词可分为 名词和 名词。A）表示物质和抽象概念的名词委不可数，划出下面的不可数名词。 Book, water, health, cup, quality B)可数名词不可单独存在。请改错：He is lovely boy. He would like book on the desk. C）写出下列名词的复数 map watch baby boy Chinese foot child mouse

3）名词的所有格：有生命的加 ,无生命加 。玛丽的书 桌子的腿

2、动词分为 动词与 动词1） 动词不带宾语，除非加上介词，如:He arrived the hotel yesterday.= He reached the hotel yesterday. 2)相反，及物动词必须带宾语，宾语常为 或 或 。 He asked her to raise her voice. But she said she had a cold. Some scientists are considering cloning human beings.

3) 动词有时态和语态。He often comes late for class, so he is scolded by his teachers. 3、形容词用来描述事物特征，常放在 前作 语。如：Fish is my favourite food. 有时也可放在 和 之后作 语。如：The food is delicious. It tastes good. 但形容词短语常放在名词之 作定语，如：I would like the basket full of flowers. 此句译为 形容词修饰不定代词时作 定语，如：一些重要的事 He is , and he think is the best policy. (诚实)

4、副词用来修饰 、 、 、 。

The subject is so useful that all of us like it very much. Everyone is working hard on it. Luckily it is easy to learn. He is . You can believe that he will do it . You can believe that he will do it with enough . (细心)

5、介词后面长加 、 、 而构成介词短语，介词短语可以用作 、 、 、 。

The lady with long hair is a friend of my mother’s.译汉： We can realize our dream by working hard day and night. 6、代词有主格（作 语），宾格作（作 语），形容词性物主代词（作 语，译为“。。。的” 后面必须加 ），名词性物主代词（作 和 译为“。。。的” 后面不加 ）。反身代词—self ,--selves.可作 语和 语。 He told her that he liked his room. He thought his room was better than hers. However, she herself preferred her room.

判正误：Mr. Green thought him could finish the work in two days. Mr. Green thought of him as my best friend. 请完成下列表格 表一

主格(单) 宾格(单) 主格（复） 宾格（复） 第一人称 第二人称 他 她 它 表二 我的 你的 她的 他的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词 性物代 名词性 物代 7、连词，不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词分为2类：并列连词和从属连词。从属连词必须加从句，常见的并列连词有 、 、 。常见的从属连词

有 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Eg, Before he comes back, I must finish it.

二、句子成分，它包括 语、 语、 语、 语、 语、 语。 1,.Six and seven makes thirteen. What he said is true. The book is good and it is cheap. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. Looking after the children is my job. 、 、 、 、 作主语 2 划出谓语,谓语的判别要借助于时态和语态。

Have you finished your work? I’m working now.

He had an accident last night. What does she do in the morning? 3. 划出宾语

The girl enjoys watching TV. 作宾语，常见此用法的有： The boy wants to have a rest. 作宾语，常见此用法的有： The boy always says that he must study hard. 作宾语.

Please pass me that book. 作间接宾语， 作直接宾语 下列动词带双宾 tell /pass/teach/give/show/call sb. sth.

4.表语是放在系动词后说明主语性质、特征、状态、处所、身份等的句子成分。 请划出表语 The news is exciting. He is excited at it. 作表语 He remains in the classroom. 作表语, 表 或 The young man looks like a doctor. 作表语, The question is who will do the work. 作表语。 5.定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分，常译为“。。。。的”请划出定语：

Mother has lots of clothes to wash. 作后置定语，表 译为

The girl in white is my classmate. 作后置定语，译为 Who’s the man standing there? 作后置定语，译为 I haven’t found the book lost last night. 作后置定语，译为 The new style is very popular. 作前置定语，译为

I can’t forget the day when we stayed together. 作后置定语，译为 关系词选择一看先行词，二看从句句子成分，关系副词 、 、 在从

句中作状语

6状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子成分的一种句子成分。请划出状语; The people in the village live happily. 作状语，表 The students do their homework at home in the evening. 作状语，表 To make more money, the farmer came to work. 作状语，表 You can find the way, using your head. 作状语，表

If you keep working hard, you will make progress. 作状语，表 7.宾补

He found the book good.

Don’t keep them waiting for long.

The student asked the teacher to work out the problem. 请完成下列练习：

1.I can't repair the model ship ____. Can you help ?

A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself

2.The book on the shelf is . She wrote name on its cover .

A .Hers; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself

3.Is this her bike? No, it isn't . It's ____. A. mine B. my C. me D. he's 4. ____ Li Ping's brother. A. Her B. His C. He's D. She's

5.When you see Tom and his sister , tell that mother is waiting at the gate.

A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her 6.Granny seems ill . Are you sure it's ?

A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything 7. ---Excuse me，where are _______ offices? ---Over there．

A． teacher’s B． teachers’ C． the teacher’s D．the teachers’ 8. I'm sorry. I'm late. My watch is a few minutes ______. A. slower B. slowly C. more slowly D. slow

9. The song sounds ______. A. sweet B. nicely C. well D. moved 10. Helen isn't a______ friend of mine. I feel______ sorry for her. A. true, true B. truly true C. true, truly D. truly, truly

11. Looking ______ at his mother, the little boy looked ______. A. happy, good B. happy, well C. sadly, sad D. sad, sadly

12. -How does Kate like her new work? -She______ with it. A. can't satisfy B. isn't satisfied C. doesn't satisfy D hasn't satisfied 13. The man was not ______ when he heard the ______ words.

A. frightening; frightening B. frightened; frightened C. frightening; frightened D. frightened; frightening

14. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门). 15. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 16. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th . 1.We always work hard at English. 2. He said he didn't come. 3.They love each other. 4. What did you bye? 5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.

6.Your job today is to help the old. 7. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 8.Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left.