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2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破
Step1猜测词义常见设问方式
1. Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “ ’’? 2. What does the author probably mean by “ ’’? 3. The word “ ’’ in the contest means _____. 4. The term can be best replaced by _____. 5. The word “ ’’ probably refers to ____.
6. As used in the line … the word “ ’’ refers to ______.
7. According to the passage, the word “ ’’ is known as_____. 8. The passage use the word “ ’’ to refer to ____
9. According to the author, the underlined word “ ’’ means____.
10. From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “ ’’ means _____.
在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。 Step2. 方法探究
1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”
The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______. A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin
2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.
The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means ______. A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help others C. questions asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory. 4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others carried only passengers.
5. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from 精品文档
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it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. 6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.
7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.
【思考归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
From the passage, we can infer that the word “autocratic’’ means ______ A. friendly to others B. modest and kindly C. sticking to one’s own opinion D. hard-working
9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.
jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.
What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence? Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.
A. Rhythmic beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”
The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means ______. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. According to the author, the underlined word static means ______. A. unchangeable B. inactive C. respective D. widespread
12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous. 【思考归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill. 精品文档
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14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved. 【思考归纳】这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, of English learning.
16. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved. 18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 19. 下题中划线的词可换为：
New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city’s history. A. enough B. not passing C. lack of D. lack
【思考归纳】这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 20. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.
The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _______. A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving up
21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor.”
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had.
23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine, and business.
The underlined work “aging” means ______.
A. counting the number of years someone lives B. the numbers of years someone lives C. becoming older 精品文档
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D. making someone looking older
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
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检测反馈
运用方法探究中学到的技巧，快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！
A
I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr. Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices. 小题1:What does the author think about Dr King? A．He is strict B．He is unkind
C．He has the wrong idea.
D．He sets a timetable for mothers
小题2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________ A．basic B．reliable C．surprising D．interesting
小题3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand? A．The baby will sleep well. 精品文档
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B．The baby will have its brain harmed.
C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level. D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8. 小题4:The author supports feeling the baby_______. A．in the night B．every four hours
C．whenever it wants food
D．according to its blood sugar level
B
For high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习). In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher education.
In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert
Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High School in New York，for example，encourages students to choose classes on career—based courses. The school then helps them gain on—the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job market is daunting. In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.
“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US. 小题1:According to Robert Schwartz，_________.
A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US 精品文档
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