宾语从句与定语从句课堂突破
宾语从句
概念 在复合句中，用来充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以接宾语从句，要想真正掌握宾语从句的用法，必须把握三个关键点：引导词、语序、时态。 宾语从连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether与if。另外还有连接代词what, which, who, whom及句的引连接副词when, where, how, why。 导词 一、 宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that在从句中只起引导作用，不作句子成分，没有词义，在口语中常常省略。如：He knew （that） he should study hard. 他知道他应该努力学习。 二、 宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导，if和whether意为“是否”。如：He asked me if/whether he could come in. 他问我他能否进来。 只用whether 不用if的四种情况： 1. 与 or 或者or not连用 I don’t know whether he will come or not tomorrow. 2. 与 to do 连用 I’m not sure whether to buy it. 3. 跟在介词后面 I’m not interested in whether he likes it. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 3. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问句中的疑问词就是引导词。如：Can you tell me which class you are in? 你能告诉我你在哪个班吗？ 宾语从宾语从句是疑问句时，要用陈述语序（先主后谓）。 句的语序 1. I really don't know what I can do to help her out. 2. Could you tell me where they are going ? 宾语从1. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，宾语从句中谓语动词一句的时般也要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时）。如： 态 ①He asked when they would go to the party. 他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。 ②Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before. 格林小姐说她以前去过北京。 2. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句限制，可根据情况选用合适的时态。如： ①Do you know when we’ll have a football match? 你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？ ②You know he has gone to Shanghai. 你知道他已经去上海了。 3. 当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，都用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播的速度要快。 注：Could you tell me...?/Would you tell me...?等句式并不是表示过去时态，而是表示客气请求的语气，所以宾语从句不一定用过去时态，应用相应的某种时态。 宾语从当主句的主语是第一人称I或we，且谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等时，宾句的否语从句的否定式常常转移到主句上，即“否定前移”。如： 定转移 ①I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还没有完成工作。 ②I don’t think he can speak English. 我认为他不会讲英语。 注：这种否定转移的宾语从句变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分的主语、谓语要与从句保持一致。如：I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？
定语从句 概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 用法 关系代词（that，which，who,whom,whose）和关系副词(when,where,why)中考不考在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略；当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。如： The person （whom） you just spoke to is Mr. Li. 刚刚跟你说话的人是李先生。 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数要和先行词保持一致。如： The girl who is standing there is my sister. 站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 引导词 1. who引导的定语从句：who在从句中作主语或宾语，修饰的是人。如： I love singers who write their own music. 我喜欢自己创作乐曲的歌手。 2.whom引导的定语从句：whom 在从句中作宾语，修饰的是人。 The person whom you just spoke to is Mr. Li. 刚刚跟你说话的人是李先生。 2. whose引导的定语从句：whose在从句中作定语，可以指人，也可以指物。如： Do you know the girl whose father is a teacher? 你认识那位她父亲是老师的女孩吗？ 3. which引导的定语从句：which在从句中作主语或作谓语动词和介词的宾语，只能指无生命的东西。如： The story （which） he told was very interesting. 他讲的故事很有趣。 4. that引导的定语从句：that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。如：I love movies that are funny. 我喜欢滑稽的电影。 几种定语从句只用that不用which九字真言：多少不一恰人物最序 必须用1,多少：从少到多 no/none/neither/little/few/a little/a few/much/many/each/both/all thatI have read all the books that you gave me． 我已经读完了你给我的所有书。 引导定语2,不： 不定代词 everything/something/anything/nothing 从句的情I want to do something （that） I enjoy. 我想做点我喜欢的事。 况 3,一： 唯一 the one/the only Zhao Liying is the only star that i like. 4，恰： 恰好 the very/the right 如：This is the very pen that I am looking for． 这就是我在找的钢笔。 5，人&物：人+物 先行词既有人又有物 They talked of things and persons that they remembered． 他们聊了他们记得的人和事。 6, 最： 最高级 形容词最高级+先行词 This is the best book that i have read this year. 7,序： 序数词 序数词+先行词 The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten． 我永远不会忘记我学的第一件 8. 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。如： Who is the man that is talking to John? 跟约翰说话的那个人是谁？模拟中考
1,We have decided to sell five things____we no longer use.(2019株洲) A.that B. where C. who
2.On Monday April 15,2019,the fire____broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.(2019湘潭)
A.that B. who C. where
3.All the classmates enjoyed the cake____I made at the party.（2019郴州） A.that B. who C what
4.The man ___ is talking to my math teacher is my father.(2018邵阳) A.Who B. which C what
5.-- Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father? --The first thing ____I will do is to make a card for him.(2019黄冈) A.who B. where C. whose D. that
6,---Could you please tell me ______ mooncakes traditionally in China,Li Hua? --During the Mid-autumn Festival.(2019邵阳)
A.When people ate B. when people eat C. when do people eat 7, ---Hi, Shirly. Could you tell me____?(2019湘西) ---At 11:30 tomorrow morning.
A.When will you arrive B. when you will arrive C. where you will arrive 8.----Your sweater looks nice. Could you tell me_____? ----Of course. Just at the shop near my school.(2019怀化)
C.where do you buy it B. where did you buy it C. where you bought it 9.---Could you tell me ______?
---I am not sure, maybe tomorrow(2018益阳) A.When does he leave for Changsha B.When he is leaving for Changsha C.When is he leaving for Changsha
10.----Did you notice ____in her office?
-----Yes. She was going over our writing.(2019北京) A, what was Miss Lin doing B,what Miss Lin was doing C, what does Miss Lin do D,what Miss Lin do
11.------Could you please tell me ________for the fruit? ------By paying over the Internet.(2019天津)
A, how much I will pay B, how much will i pay C, how will I pay D,how I will pay 12. Rose is wondering _________.(2019武汉)
A, what is Matt doing B, where has Jason gone C, when will Matt leave D,who did the washing 13.----Could you please tell me______?(2019南通)
----With pleasure. Wait a moment,please.
A, if the scarf looked nice on me B, what’s the new product like C, that Guilin is worth visiting D, how I can order a robot online
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