ABSTRACT
As an important component of the public transportation,bus stops play an important role in public transport service. The optimization design of the bus stop produces an effect not only on the efficiency of the public transportation, but also on the quantity ofthe city environment.
The dissertation researches the optimization design of bus stop from three aspects:
Firstly, based on plan idea of bus routes graded, bus stop spacing of different gate bus routes is suggested.The dissertation establishes the model based on the minimum trabel time and the cost of the system.According to the bus routes and flow, every optimum spacing of bus stops can be calculated to obtain using the method.Through analyzing and comparing advantages and disadvantages between far-side, near-side,and mid-block bus stops，the thesis gives some principles of locating bus stops.
Based on the furtber study on bus stop capacity,queue theory, and probability of vehicle arrival,the dissertation develops methods used to optimizing the berth of bus stops,and gives the corresponding scope table of the bus stop capacity and the number of berths.
As to the capacity of bus stops,the dissertation discusses the length design of bus stop zone, and gives the design dimension especially for bus bay. Finally, the dissertation gives optimization design instances of bus stops.
This dissertation is focused to provide theoretical as well as practical decision tools for public transportation agencies in China in terms of the following key technical aspects of the bus stop: stop spacing optimization,location optimization and stop capacity.
KEYWORDS: bus stop,stop spacing, stop capacity,stop location Chen Jie(Tranportation Planning and management)
Directed by Han Hao
目 录
第一章 绪论 ....................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景 ................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................. 1
1.2.1 国外研究现状.......................................... 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状.......................................... 3 1.3研究内容和方法 .............................................. 4
1.3.1 研究内容.............................................. 4 1.3.2 研究方法.............................................. 5
第二章 公交站点车辆停靠基本特性分析 ............................... 7
2.1 公交站点的分类及特征分析.................................... 7
2.1.1公交站点的分类方法 .................................... 7 2.1.2公交站点的特征分析 .................................... 8 2.2公交站点交通需求特性分析 .................................... 9
2.2.1 公交站点车辆停靠特征分析.............................. 9 2.2.2 公交站点上下客时间特征分析........................... 11 2.2.3 公交站点设施资源要求分析............................. 12 2.3 城市公交站点建设存在的问题................................. 13
2.3.1 规划建设方面......................................... 13 2.3.2 经营管理方面......................................... 14 2.4小结 ....................................................... 15 第三章 公交站点站间距布局优化研究 ................................ 16
3.1公交停靠站间距的效益影响分析及规划目标 ..................... 16 3.2公交线路平均站点间距的优化研究 ............................. 17
3.2.1以乘客总出行时间为最小的平均站距优化模型 ............. 17 3.2.2基于公交车辆配置限制的平均站距优化模型 ............... 22 3.3 实例分析................................................... 25
3.3.1 集宁区的城市与交通概况............................... 25 3.3.2 现状调查数据的整理分析............................... 25 3.3.3 模型应用............................................. 30 3.3.4站距优化评价分析 ..................................... 33
3.4 快速公交与常规公交站点规划协调分析......................... 34 3.5小结 ....................................................... 36 第四章 公交站点选址和选型设置优化研究 ............................ 37
4.1公交站点选址和选型优化考虑因素 ............................. 37 4.2路段停靠站和交叉口停靠站选址分析研究 ....................... 38
4.2.1路段及交叉口公交站点的选择比较 ....................... 38 4.2.2交叉口进、出口道停靠站选址比较 ....................... 40 4.2.3交叉口附近公交停靠站选址优化原则 ..................... 42 4.3直线式停靠站与港湾式停靠站选型分析研究 ..................... 43
4.3.1直线式、港湾式站点优缺点比较 ......................... 43 4.3.2直线式、港湾式站点对道路交通流影响比较 ............... 44 4.4实例分析 ................................................... 46 4.5小结 ....................................................... 51 第五章 公交站点的站位和站长设计优化研究 .......................... 52
5.1公交站点站位数优化的意义和思路 ............................. 52 5.2公交站点通行能力影响因素分析 ............................... 52 5.3公交站点通行能力计算方法 ................................... 54 5.4排队论分析方法研究 ......................................... 56
5.4.1计算公交车作业时间的适用方法 ......................... 57 5.4.2运用排队论分析设计站位数 ............................. 57 5.5实例分析及计算 ............................................. 59 5.6 公交停靠站点的站长优化设计................................. 59 5.7小结 ....................................................... 61 第六章 结论与展望 ................................................ 62
6.1 主要研究成果及结论......................................... 62 6.2 研究展望................................................... 62 致 谢 ............................................................ 64 参考文献 ......................................................... 65 附录 硕士在读期间发表的论文 ...................................... 68
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