第二部分 语法专题突破篇
专题一 名词
,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
编者按:系统分析河北近5年试题,重点是单项选择、完形填空、词语运用题,逐命题点统计考查频次,表格直观呈现,并在各命题后批注考情,便于快速把握重点,逐一攻克。
考纲要求 考查点 名词词 义辨析 2016 2015 29 43 44 45 2014 30 46 50 55 2013 29 49 50 1.可数名词及其单复数 2.不可数名词 3.专有名词 4.名词所有格 年份 29 printer/radio player/camera glass/weight/water/height minute/night/day/week mother/teacher/doctor/friend ice/soup/salt/sugar boys/girls/men/women town/market/garden/school pay/time/advice/love color/size/smell/shape fear/trouble/surprise/danger titles/orders/stories/questions discussion/practice/meeting/review potato/banana/candy/pie results/films/prizes/drawings chance/practice 题号 secret/advice/promise/purpose 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 选项设置 1分 分值 51 2012 30 53 55 1分 1分 1分 1分 /difference/experience 名词单 复数 2016 77 83 2015 79 80 2013 2012 名词转换 place child→children river→rivers wish→wishes 81 85 2016 1分 1分 1分 1分 foot→feet festival—festivals 85 1分 1分 sing→singer 1分 分析河北近5年中考真题可以看出,名词为单项选择题的必考点,且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析,句子设置的语境贴近学生实际生活。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合,注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合,侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句,以两个单句为主,一个句子提供语境,另一个句子设题,词数在9—12个。另外,完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查,完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析,而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的所有格的考查。
预测2017年河北中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题,且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会涉及2~3道名词词义辨析题,且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。
,河北中考重难点突破
名词名词的 分类专有名词
普通名词可数名词个体名词 集体名词
不可数名词物质名词 抽象名词 名词
的数可数名词单数 复数规则变化 不规则变化 不可数名词
名词的所有格's所有格的构成及用法 of所有格的构成及用法 双重所有格
名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语 名词作定语、同位语、补语、 状语
名词辨析
【满分点拨】
分析河北中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查,主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。 一、语境辨析
分析河北中考近几年单选和完形,名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查,同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中关键信息,并分析各个选项的意思,结合日常生活的常识及语境,即可选出正确答案。学生可结合河北试题研究话题词汇分类速记表中常见名词基本词义,并背诵教材中常见的固定搭配。
二、近义词辨析
近义名词在河北中考中没有涉及,老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词适当补充。 1.family,home,house与room 2.noise,sound与voice 3.question与problem 4.work与job
5.message,information与news 6.village,city与countryside 7.clothes,cloth与clothing 8.photo,picture与drawing 9.population与people 10.road,street,path与way 11.exercise,exercises与practice 12.class与lesson
13.country,nation,state与land 14.police与policeman
15.trip,journey,travel与tour 【考点抢测】
( A )1.(2016邯郸二模)It's raining hard outside.Take an ________, please. A.umbrella B.eraser C.article D.ice cream
( B )2.(2016新华区中考模拟)Look at the ______,the teacher is writing on it. A.tree B.blackboard C.desk D.window
( B )3.(2016裕华区中考模拟)—How can I use this new washing machine? —Well,just read the ________. A.directions B.instructions C.standards D.explanations
( A )4.(2016河北中考三模)I felt the ________ rush to my face because I was quite nervous then. A.blood B.shame C.pride D.fear
( B )5.(2016河北中考二模)I love red.It is a traditional ________ for Chinese. A.food B.color C.festival D.culture
( A )6.(2016石家庄28中模拟)Do you know the ________ of these words?I can't understand them.
A.meanings B.spellings
C.pronunciations D.instructions
( D )7.(2016河北中考一模)What shall I do?I need some ________. A.news B.truth C.secrets D.advice
( D )8.(2016张家口升学二模)—Do you think the ________ of this skirt suits me? —Of course!You always look beautiful in red. A.size B.shape C.price D.color
( B )9.(2016河北升学四模)A clean ________ goes through the village.Lots of women wash clothes there.
A.road B.river C.bus D.bridge
( A )10.(2016石家庄9年级质检二)I want to look up a word.May I use your ________? A.dictionary B.radio C.player D.pen
( D )11.He has good ________.He never says dirty words. A.habits B.hobbies C.abilities D.manners
( A )12.My brother is interested in the stamp ________.What about you? A.collection B.instruction C.prize D.hobby
( D )13.I like ________ very much.I often listen to it on the MP3 player. A.sport B.drawing C.science D.music
( D )14.Please put the box behind the door.There is enough ________ to place it. A.floor B.time C.ground D.room
( B )15.If you learn English well,you will have more ________ to get a good job. A.choices B.chances C.changes D.conversations
名词的数
【满分点拨】 一、名词的分类
类别 专有名词 普通名词 可 数 名 词 意义 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词 例词 Alice,Canada,the Great Wall
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