英语作业答案
Unit1
Ⅰ.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.
1.TheislandofGreatBritainisgeographicallydividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.(T)英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
2.PeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.(F)British
3.TodaymorethanhalfofthepeopleinWalesstillspeaktheancientWelshlanguage.(F) 4.Intermsofpopulationandarea，NorthernIrelandisthesecondlargestpartoftheUnitedKingdom.(F)英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的
5.ThelongestriverofBritainoriginatesinWales.(T)TheRiverSevern:赛文河 6.Becauseofpoliticaltroubles，NorthernIrelandhasbeenquitesignificantamongthefourconstituentpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.(T)
Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements. 1.ThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesare . 不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰 A.GreatBritainandIrelandB.GreatBritainandScotland C.GreatBritainandWalesD.GreatBritainandEngland 2. isthecapitalcityofScotland. A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.Cardiff
3.AmongthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom， isthesmallest. A.EnglandB.Scotland
C.WalesD.NorthernIreland
4.TheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementof wordstoEnglish.
A.DanishandFinnishB.DutchandGerman C.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreek
5.TheevolutionofMiddleEnglishwasreinforcedbythe influence. A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.Danish
6.SamuelJohnson’sdictionarywasinfluentialinestablishingastandardformof . A.grammarB.handwriting C.spellingD.pronunciation
7.Atpresent,nearly oftheworld’spopulationcommunicateinEnglish. A.halfB.aquarter C.OnethirdD.onefifth
III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions· 1.WhatisthefullnameoftheU.K.?
ThefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland 2.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?
TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmanwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.
3.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?
ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.
4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath(黑死病)?
ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.
Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinabout100words.
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1.whoareBritishpeople?
ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsofwelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherearealotsofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealth(共和国)countriesfromeverypartoftheworld,andtheBritishpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds. 2.WhatisStandardEnglish?
StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofthesoutheasternEngland;itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IshasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforthecorrectBritishEnglish.Itisalsothenorm(标准)carriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused. Unit2
I.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse. 1.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.(T)
2.TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T) 3.ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribe—theBritons.(T)
4.TheAnglo—SaxonscametoBritaininthemid-5thcentury.(T)(不考)
5.ThechieforkingoftheAnglo-Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F) 6.TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T)
7.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance(T)
8.TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F)
9.TheHundredYears’WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfortradeandterritory.(F)
10.inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions，QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T) Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements. 1．The attackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410． A．NormanB．Danish C．CelticD．Germanic
2．Bythelate7thcentury， becamethedominantreligioninEngland．
A．CelticChristianityB．Anglo-SaxonChristianity C．GermanicChristianityD．RomanChristianity
3．WestminsterAbbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)wasbuiltatthetimeof . A．St．AugustineB．EdwardtheConfessor(忏悔者爱德华)
C．WilliamtheConquerorD．AlfredtheGreat
4．The markedtheestablishmentoffeudalism(封建制度)inEngland．
A．VikinginvasionB．signingoftheMagnaCarta C．NormanConquestD．Adoptionofcommonlaw
5．TheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleof . A．theHouseofValoisB．theHouseofYork
C．theHouseofTudor(都铎楼)D．theHouseofLancaster
出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎结束了玫瑰战争，登上了英国王位，称亨利七世
6．ThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIII’Seffortto .
A．divorcehiswifeB．breakwithRome
C．supporttheProtestantsD．declarehissupremepoweroverthechurch 7.TheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642between .
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A．ProtestantsandPuritansB．RoyalistsandParliamentarians C．noblesandpeasantsD．aristocratsandChristians 8． waspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution(光荣革命)． A．BillofRightsB．ActofSupremacy C．ProvisionsofOxfordD．MagnaCarta
9.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemiddleofthe century． A．17thB．18thC．19thD．20th
10．Britainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningofthe century．
A．17thB．18thC．19thD．20th
III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions. 1.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishparliament? 2.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria’smajorachievements? 3.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinWorldWarⅠ?
4.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡ?Answers:
1.TheyaretheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.
2.QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britainhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.
3.TheCentralPowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theOttomanEmpireandBulgariaandtheAlliedPowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussianEmpire,theBritishEmpire,ItalyandtheUnitedStates.
4.BecausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharedthesameworriesabouttheformerSovietUnion.
Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.
1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain? 2.TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire? Answers:
1.TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.Theconflictbetweenthecapitalistsandtheproletariansbecamethemostimportantpoliticalissue.
2.ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritainhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,theBritishEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWar
Ⅰ,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmpire.
Unit4PoliticsandGovernmentofUK
I．ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse． 1．Conventions(党代
会)areregardedlessimportantthancommonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernment．F 2．TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory．F
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3．Inreality，theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers．F 4．BritishParliamentisthelaw-makingbodyoftheCommonwealthofNations(英联邦国家)．F 5．LordsSpiritual(上议院神职议员)andLordsTemporal(上议院世俗议员)areallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse(上议院).T
6．ThemembersintheHouseofCommons(下议院)areappointedratherthanelected．F 上议院是指派的，下议院是选举的。
7．TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament．T 8．Cabinetmembers(内阁阁
员)arechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament．F
CabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfrommembersofthewinningpoliticalpartiesinParliament
9．Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,thecivillawandthecriminallaw．T 10．ThelegalsystemsinEngland，Wales，
ScotlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,organizationandpractice．F II．Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements．
1．TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbrancheswiththeexceptionofthe .
A．judiciary司法B．Legislature立法C．monarchyD．executive行政
2．TheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchy(君主政体)canbeseeninitseffecton . A．passingthebillsB．advisingthegovernment C．politicalpartiesD．publicattitude
3．Asarevisingchamber(审裁室)，theHouseofLordsisexpectedto theHouseofCommons．
A．rivalB．complementC．criticizeD.inspect检查 4．BritishCabinetworksontheprincipleof .
A．collectiveresponsibility(集体责任)B．individualresponsibility C．defendingthecollectivismD．defendingtheindividuals 5．ThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncil(枢密院)isto .
A．makedecisionsB．giveadvice
C．passbillsD．supervisetheCabinet
6．InBritain，theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldevery years.
A．threeB．fourC．fiveD.six
7． hasadistinctlegalsystembasedonRomanlaw．
A．WalesB．England
C．ScotlandD．NorthernIreland
8．Generallyspeaking，theBritishParliamentoperatesona system. A．single-partyB．two-party
C．three-partyD．multi-party
9．ThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatism实用主义and .
A．governmentinterventionB．nationalizationofenterprises C．socialreformD．abeliefinindividualism
10．TheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatit .
A．setuptheNationalHealthServiceB．improvedpublictransportation C．abolishedtheoldtaxsystemD．enhancedtheeconomicdevelopment Ⅲ．Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions． 1．WhatarethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons?
TherearethreemainfunctionsoftheHouseofCommons.Thefirstistodebateandvoteuponlegislationandthesecondistogivethechancefortheoppositiontoquestionwhatthegovernmentisdoingwithlegislation,thewayitconductsitself,etc.Thethirdfunctionisprivatemember'sbusinesswhereMP'smaygetupandmakeaspeechintheHouseaboutanissueoreventthath
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e/shewouldliketodrawattentionto.
2．WhatkindofpublicimagedoesLiberalDemocrats(自由民主党)haveinBritain? 张老师的答案：LiberalDemocratswasfoundedinMarch,1988.Inpublic’seyes,LiberalDemocratsadoptsmoreprogresspolicyontheissueofpublicservices,socialequityandenvironmentalprotectionetc.ItcontinuestomaintainthecooperationwithLaborParty,anditisthirdpartyinUKwith100,000partymembers.
TheLiberalDemocrats,oftenshortenedtoLibDems,areasocialliberalpoliticalpartyintheUnitedKingdom.Thepartywasformedin1988byamergeroftheLiberalPartyandtheSocialDemocraticParty.ThetwopartieshadformedtheelectoralSDP–LiberalAllianceforsevenyearsbeforethen.ThecurrentleaderofthepartyisNickClegg.Atthe20XXgeneralelection,57LibDemMPswereelected,makingthemthethird-largestpartyintheHouseofCommons,behindtheConservativePartywith307andtheLabourPartywith258.TheLiberalDemocratsformedacoalitiongovernmentwiththeConservativeParty,withNickCleggasDeputyPrimeMinisterandotherLiberalDemocratsinthecabinet.
Promotingsocialliberalism,theLiberalDemocratsvoicestrongsupportforconstitutionalandelectoralreform,andcivilliberties.Thepartypresident'sbookofofficeisJohnStuartMill's1859OnLiberty,whichdefendedindividualrightswhileattackingthetyrannyofthemajorityandthedespotismofcustom.Thepartyobjectstostatelimitationsonindividualrightsandfavoursawelfarestatethatprovidesforthenecessitiesandamenitiesoflife.[12][13]Theysupportmultilateralforeignpolicy,opposingBritishparticipationintheWarinIraqandsupportingthewithdrawaloftroopsfromthecountry.[14]TheLiberalDemocratsarethemostpro-EuropeanUnionofthethreemainpartiesintheUK.Thepartyhasstrongenvironmentalistvalues—favouringrenewableenergyandcommitmentstodeepercutsingreenhousegasemissions.Sincetheirfoundation,LibDemshaveadvocatedelectoralreformtouseproportionalrepresentationinelectingtheHouseofCommons,alsohopingtoreplacetheHouseofLordswithanelectedchamber. Unit1GeographyandPeople
I．ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse． 1．TheeasternhighlandsformedbytheAppalachians(阿巴拉契亚山
脉)holdonethirdofthecountry’scontinentalterritory．F1/3-1/6 2．TheclimateintheUnitedStatescanbeclassifiedastemperate，
withsomemildsubtropical(亚热带的)andtropical(热带的)zones．T 3．NewYorkisthecommercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStates，
anditiscomposedoffiveboroughsincludingManhattan，Brooklyn，theBronx，StatenIslandandQueens．T
4．SanFrancisco(旧金
山)isthesecondlargestcityafterNewYorkandtheworldfamousHollywoodandDisneylandarelocatedhere．F洛杉矶是第二大城市
6．HalfoftheU．S．populationlivesinthewesternmetropolitancenters．F东部
7．TheBlacksbroughtfromAfricatoAmericausuallyworkedonplantationsorfarmsintheNor
th．F在美国南部
8．Duringthe1830sand1840s，manynorthernEuropeansandIrishimmigrantscametoAmerica．T 10．BasicAmericanculturalvaluesarefreedom，
equalityanddesiretoworkhardforahigherstandardofliving．T
II．Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements. 1．TheUnitedStateshas________statesonthecontinent．
A．50B．49C．48D．35
2．Thestateof_________isthelargestinareaofallthestates．
A．AlaskaB．HawaiiC．TexasD．Florida
3．TheU．S．liesin_______NorthAmerica，withCanadatothenorth，Mexicotothesouth，
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