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Interior-Design室内设计大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

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社会现象,由其倾向去激励情况有所改善。另一方面,室内设计的通过人物例如菲利普斯塔克,玛莎斯图尔特和芭芭拉巴里的流行已经鼓励肤浅理解内部的注意力更多地集中在物体而不是对行为和相互作用的对象。

在室内设计方面,所有最近的爆炸事件,仍然存在根本的保守的舞台设计,因为它是根深蒂固的安全性与舒适性的观念中。这种看法由于特殊行动而加剧了,例如,医疗和盛情款待。虽然这些企业了深入了解心理学,力学和经济学知识的特殊环境,但是它们还长期区别阻碍更有机结合的办法,内部的延伸架构,甚至外面的风景。一个显著的例外是设计和建筑公司的增加,增加了的支撑材料以及其在室内应用方面的专门的技术。同时,设计公司用持久性标识自己,并提升自己为环保主义者。一场用行动承担环境责任的活动正在开展。

在过去的四十年间,人们努力使室内设计领域专业化并给予它与建筑平等的地位。在美国和加拿大,室内教育学会以前叫做教育研究基金会,讨论在学院以及大学里的室内设计教育以形成实践的标准。此外,国际工业设计会议把室内设计包含在其范围内,把它定义为是“智力性的专业,而非仅仅是交易或者一种娱乐服务”的一部分。

然而,室内设计人员的教育仍然随着无标准教育而存在惊人的变数。因此,室内设计仍然被认为是对专家和业余人员都开放的领域。这种观念的形成和这个领域较短的历史以及更广阔的文化外力相互包含相互作用导致的全球化有关。

原文:

Interior Design

Susan Yelavich

Interior design embraces not only the decoration and furnishing of space, but also considerations of space planning, lighting, and programmatic issues pertaining to user behaviors, ranging from specific issues of accessibility to the nature of the activities to be conducted in the space. The hallmark of interior design today is a new elasticity in typologies, seen most dramatically in the domestication of commercial and public spaces.

Interior design encompasses both the programmatic planning and physical treatment of interior space: the projection of its use and the nature of its furnishings and surfaces, that is, walls, floors, and ceilings. Interior design is distinguished from interior decoration in the scope of its purview. Decorators are primarily concerned with the selection of furnishings, while designers integrate the discrete elements of décor into programmatic concerns of space and use. Interior designers generally practice collaboratively with architects on the interiors of spaces built from the ground up, but they also work independently, particularly in the case of renovations. There is also a strong history of architect-designed interiors, rooted in the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, the total work of art, that came out of the Arts & Crafts movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It is no accident that its strongest proponents (from Frank Lloyd Wright to Mies van der Rohe) extended their practices to include the realm of interiors during the nascency of the interior-design profession. Indeed, it was a defensive measure taken by architects who viewed formal intervention by an interior decorator or designer as a threat to the integrity of their aesthetic.

Today, apart from strict modernists like Richard Meier who place a premium on homogeneity, architects who take on the role of interior designer (and their numbers are growing) are more likely to be eclectic in philosophy and practice, paralleling the twenty-first century's valorization of plurality. Nonetheless, the bias against interior designers and the realm of the interior itself continues to persist. Critical discussions of the interior have been hampered by its popular perception as a container of ephemera. Furthermore, conventional views of the interior have been fraught with biases: class biases related to centuries-old associations with

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