2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解
Section I Use of English
一、文章总体分析及结构
这是一篇议论文，选自 2016 年《哈佛商业评论》，全文共 358 词。文章围绕快乐与公司投资之间的关系展开。首先提出研究表明快乐不仅影响人们的行为方式，也有可能会影响公司的运营方式；接着介绍了研究者们是如何证 明这一观点的；最后指出，作者也认为快乐对公司投资有所影响。
二、语篇精读
Happy people work differently. They’re more 快乐的人工作起来会有所不同。他们更多产，更有创 造productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. 力，也愿意去冒更大的风险。近期的一项研究表明快乐 也可And new research suggests that happiness might 能会影响公司的运营(1)方式。 influence 1 firm’s work, too. 词汇详解： productive creative 富有成效的；多产的 （人）有创造力的 take risk···· suggest influuence 冒···风险；承担风险 表明；暗示 影响 长难句分析：
And new research suggests that happiness might influence how firm’s work, too.
本句的主干是 new research suggests that...，that 后引导宾语从句，其中 happiness 是宾语从句的主语，另外，这个宾语从句中还包含 how 引导的宾语从句。
Companies located in places with happier people invest 近期的研究报告表明，位于快乐人群所在地的公司会 投more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in 入更多的资金。那些位于快乐之地的公司（2）尤其会 在研happy places spend more on R&D (research and 发上花费更多的钱。这是因为快乐与关于对未来投资 development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind （3）所必需做的长远考虑相关。 of longer-term thinking__3 for making investments for the future. 词汇详解： locate in invest 位于 投资 be linked to make investment 与……有关联；与……连接 投资 长难句分析：
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking necessary for making investments for the future. 本句的主干是 That’s because...，because 后引导表语从句，其中 necessary for...是后置定语，修饰 the kind of longer-term thinking。
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and 研究者们想知道伴随着快乐出现的（4）乐观精神和冒 inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness 险倾向是否会（5）改变公司投资的方式。因此，他们把 would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared 由盖洛普民意调查（6）测出的美国城市平均幸福指数与 U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with 那些地区上市公司的投资活跃度进行了对比。 the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 词汇详解： inclination average 倾向，爱好 平均的；普通的 poll publicly traded 民意调查；投票 上市的；公开交易的 长难句分析：
The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change the way companies invested.
本句的句子主干是 The researchers wanted to know...，if 后引导从句，作 know 的宾语，其中 the optimism and inclination 是宾语从句的主语，would change 是宾语从句的谓语；另外，这个宾语从句中还包含 that 引导的定语从句， 修饰宾语从句的主语，以及省略 that 的定语从句 companies invested，修饰先行词 the way。
7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things. （7）不出所料，公司的投资和研发力度与公司（8） 总部所在地的幸福指数相关。但是幸福与投资真的相关吗，或者说幸福指数更高的城市的某些其他方面能够（9） 说明该市的公司为何加大研发投入？为了找到答案，研究者们控制了各种使公司更愿意投资的（10）因素，比如规模，行业以及销售，还控制了（11）宜居地的指标，比如工资或人口的涨幅。即便对这些情况做出了解释，快乐与投资之间的关系还是（12）不变。 词汇详解： intensity be correlated with indicator 强度；强烈 与···有关 指标；指示物 account for 对···做出解释；说明···的原因 长难句分析：
To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like growth in wages or population.
本句的主干是 the researchers controlled for various factors...and for indicators...，其中 To find out 是不定式短语作目的状语，various factors 和 indicators 分别作介词 for 的宾语，两个 that 后引导的都是定语从句，分别修饰先行词 various factors 和 indicators，两个 like 引导的介词短语都是插入语，分别对 various factors 和 indicators 进行解释说明。
The correlation between happiness and investment was 对于新公司而言，快乐与投资之间的关联尤其密切， particularly strong for younger firms, which the 作者将这一点（13）归因于“限制较少的决策过程”以及authors 13 to “less codified decision making process” 可能会有“年轻并缺乏（14）经验的经理任职，这些经理and the possible presence of “younger and 更有可能受到情绪的影响”。在快乐传播更（16）均衡的less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by 地方，这种关系（15）也更为密切。公司似乎会对大多数sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places 人都相对快乐的地方投入更多的资金，而不是快乐分布不where happiness was spread more 16 .Firms seem to 均的地方。 invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. 词汇详解： correlation confined presence 相互关系；关联 有限的；幽禁的 存在；出席 sentiment relatively inequality 情绪；感情 相对地；相当地 不平均；不平等 长难句分析：
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors attribute to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less experienced managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”
相关推荐：
loading