非谓语动词教案 定

非谓语动词

一、定义：动词除在句中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词和副词的性质，因而可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语，这就是动词的非谓语动词。 二、种类：动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 三、用法：

（一）动词不定式 1.基本形式：“ to十动词原形”（某些情况可以不带to），其否定形式是“ not to do”． 2.特点：没有人称和数的变化；可以带宾语或状语；有时态和语态的变化 3.用法：

l) 作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语． 例如： To see is to believe．

It is right to give up smoking．

2）作宾语．

a. 动词+to do 要求用不定式作宾语的动词是：

want, wish, like, decide, begin, start, forget, learn, afford, agree, dislike, expect, hate, hope, seem, plan, try, refuse, manage, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, 等 例如：He managed to pass the exam.

I didn’t expect to see you here. b. 动词+疑问词+to do

例如：I don’t know how to get to that hotel. c. 动词+形式宾语（it）+宾补+to do

例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 3) 作宾语补足语． a. 动词+宾语+to do

例如：He asked me to do the work with him.

有以上结构的动词有：tell, wish, ask, want, beg, permit, warn, allow, advise, encourage等 b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词

在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式， 如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。 例如：The teacher makes me rewrite the composition.

I heard her say that she was tired

但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to． had better, would rather, do nothing but等后常省略to 4）作表语。

例如：My job is to help the patient．

5）作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件． 例如：I came here to see you．(目的)

We were very excited to hear the news．(原因) 目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示． 例如：In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard． We ran all the way so as not to be late． 不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语． 例如：I am very glad to hear it．

The question is difficult to answer． “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语． 例如：He is too old to do that．

另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语． 例如：The room is big enough to hold us． 6）作定语．必须后置

例如：I have some books for you to read． 7）由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词或代词的的宾语

例如：She is always the first student to arrive at school.

You’ll find something to interest you here.

8) It’s + adj . for sb. to do sth. 和It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.

a．for sb. 句型常表示事物的特征特点、客观形势的形容词， 如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。

例如：It’s very hard for him to finish the work in two hours.

b．of sb.句型一般用表示人物的性格、口德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词， 如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 等。 例如：It’s very nice of you to help me.

一．选择填空。

1. Tell him ___ the window.

A. to close not B. not to close C. to not close D. not close 2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 5. ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________?

A. to pick them up B. to pick up them C. pick it up D. pick up it 7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.

A. to wake up B. send for C. to pay for D. pay for 8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up. A. to be B. to C. be D. being

9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.

A. not take out B. not to take down C. not take off D. not to take away 10. My mother told me ________more water. A. drinking B. drank C. to drink D. drink 二、适当形式填空

1.Have you decided ________（怎样度假）. 2.It is dangerous ________（玩火）.

3.She was the first woman ________（环球飞行的）. 4.The boy was made ________（重复他自己的故事）.

5.The old lady looked at the children ________（穿过马路）. 6.It took me much time ________（算出这些难题）yesterday. 7.The boss made the workers ________（一天工作十小时）. 8.I don’t know ________（在会上说什么）.

9.Can you tell me ________（在哪里能买到这本书）?

10.________（在何时何地召开这会议）hasn’t been decided yet.

1. how to spend your holiday

2. to play with fire

3. to fly around the earth 4. to report his own story 5. to cross the road

6. to work out these difficult problems 7. work ten hours every day 8. what to say at the meeting 9. where to buy this book

10. When and where to hold the meeting

（二）动名词

1. 动名词由动词 + ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语． 2.用法：

1)作主语．例如:Seeing is believing.

注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，

不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作． 例如：Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)

To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作) 2)作表语．例如： Her job is teaching. 3)作宾语．

例如： He is fond of playing football． I like swimming. 注：a.只能接动名词的动词：finish, mind, suggest, practise, enjoy, advise, consider, keep, imagine等

b. 既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词：begin, start, like, prefer, love, hate等 区别：后接动名词表示经常性动作，后接不定式表示具体的特定动作。

c. forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 4)作定语．

例如：He has a reading room. fnishing line终点线

5）动名词的复合结构：形容词性的物主代词+动名词，名词所有格+动名词 例如:His coming made me very happy． Mary’s crying annoyed him.

6）某些固定结构（动名词特殊用法）

a. There is no + v-ing ―…是不可能的‖。例如：

There is no knowing how old she is. (= It is impossible to know how old she is.)

b. it is no use / good + doing ―…是没有用的‖，there is no point in doing sth ―…是没必要的‖。 例如：It is no use trying to persuade him. (= It is of no use to try to persuade him.)

There is no point in telling her this news. (= It is not necessary to tell her the news.) c. go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)。

例如：He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc. d. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 e. no+doing 禁止……

f. can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事 g. need doing 需要被做……

h. 动名词短语常用在以下结构中：

have difficulty (in) + doing sth 例：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem. have trouble (in) + doing sth 例：They had problem getting there. have fun (in) + doing sth have a good/ hard time (in) + doing sth

用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Can you imagine yourself ______ in a lonely island? (stay) 2.I can't understand your ______ at that poor child.(laugh) 3.She didn't mind _______ overtime.(work)

4.To make a living, he tried _______, ________,and various other things, but he had failed in all .(write; paint)

5.We are looking forward to Mary's________ . (come) . 6.She was praised for _______ the life of the child.(save) 7.She ought to be praised instead of ______ (criticize).

8.Is there any possibility of our ______ the championship?(win) 9.He came to the party without _______(invite) 10. Don’t keep me __________(wait) for a long time. 11. Knives are used for ______________(cut) things.

12. Can you finish ___________(read) the book in three days?

13. The doctor was busy ____________(operate) on the boy at that time. 14. Stop ___________(talk) and listen to me carefully. 15. Thank you very much for ____________(help) us.

16. Granny is very ill and she doesn’t feel like ___________(eat) anything. 17. The girl enjoys ___________(listen) to light music.

18. Do you remember ___________(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday? 19. We couldn’t help _________(laugh) after we heard the funny story. 20. What about ___________(go) out for a walk?

答案：(B) 1.staying 2.laughing 3.working 4.writing; painting 5.coming 6.having saved 7.being criticized 8.winning 9.being invited 10. waiting 11. cutting 12. reading