Short-term memory is a way to store information temporarily. It lasts about 15 to 30 seconds. An example is keeping a telephone number in mind after looking it up and while dialing.
8 It can last days, months, years, or a lifetime. Repeating and practicing motions (动作) or tasks help the brain to store information for a long time. If a person dials a telephone number many times, the number will move from short-term to long-term memory.
Scientists also think that there are different types of memory. These include motor-skill, factual, and emotional memory. Motor-skill memory tells people how to do physical things that they have done before. It can be short-term or long-term. 9 Factual memory is the storage of facts. It can be short-term or long-term. Factual memory lets people remember faces, numbers, and the experiences that happen to them.
10 It is long-term. For example, people tend to remember very frightening experiences throughout their lives. Some scientists think this happens so that people are prepared for problems in the future. A. Emotional memory is the memory of emotions. B. One level is short-term memory, or working memory. C. They must remember words and ideas to speak or to write. D. It's easier to remember a poem that rhymes than one that doesn't. E. Long-term memory is the storage of information for longer periods. F. People use motor-skill memory to copy a dance step and to ride a bicycle.
G. People can pull out information stored in memory through either recall or recognition. 六、完形填空：
A Person Who Has Influenced My Life
There is always a time in one’s life when a hero comes along. Someone who has inspired you can really help you learn what life is about.
I _1_ it as if it was yesterday. I was fifteen years old that year. It was around eight o’clock one evening when my mother _2_ a phone call from her brother-in-law, who told us my aunt was in hospital and that the doctor _3_ them she would need an operation immediately. My family became very _4_ about my aunt’s situation.
While my aunt was in the hospital with special _5_, my cousin Mark, who is mentally disabled, spent time with my family. Mark was seventeen at the time, and had been born with severe mental disorders, which _6_ a wide range of social and physical problems for him throughout everyday life. He never had any true friend _7_ no one could relate to him. I must _8_ that at the beginning I was filled with uncertainty as to how much of a _9_ my cousin would bring on my family. Now looking back at it saddens me to see the _10_ I once showed.
Over the two weeks when Mark lived with my family, I probably _11_ more about life and its meanings. Thinking back, I took _12_in daily life for granted, believing it would always be there. I never even thought about being able to do things like walking, brushing my teeth, or going to the bathroom on my own. Now I see how _13_ I am to be able to do these things independently.
Mark was seventeen, but learned on a nine-year-old _14_. Although his learning ability was slower than most, he could still learn. He explored _15_ to do most of the things everyone else did. _16_ he did pretty well and succeeded in almost everything he tried to do. He _17_ his illness and showed an ambition to love life. To him, having a successful life means achieving goals on his own terms and at his own _18_.
Mark is my hero, for his disability has forever _19_ my viewpoint on life. It seems like a well-deserved life when you’re fifteen, and it is amazing how in a period of time your point of view can change so _20_.
1. A. accept 2. A. made
B. remember B. missed B. informed B. sure
C. imagine C. received C. showed
D. discover D. used D. begged D. worried D. interest D. influenced D. because D. decide D. conflict D. mercy D. required D. everything D. successful D. balance D. difficulties D. Actually D. reported D. request D. supported D. completely
3. A. promised 4. A. curious 5. A. care 6. A. created 7. A. unless 8. A. believe 9. A. puzzle
C. disappointed C. purpose C. found C. until
B. action B. faced B. although B. regret B. failure B. ignorance B. dreamed B. something B. brave B. level
C. admit C. burden C. relief
10. A. weakness 11. A. understood 12. A. anything 13. A. powerful 14. A. variety
C. questioned C. nothing C. lucky C. job
15. A. possibilities 16. A. Typically 17. A. challenged 18. A. business 19. A. represented 20. A. easily
B. functions C. achievements C. Accidentally C. treated C. pace C. formed C. properly
B. Occasionally B. prevented B. cost
B. changed B. normally
七、语法填空：
A robot 1___________(use) for housework was tested out in a family. He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair, speaking 2_______ a deep voice. Larry was going to be away from home so he hired such a robot 3_________________(accompany) his wife Claire. Claire didn’t like the idea at 4______ beginning, but she agreed to it at last. At her first sight of Tony, Claire was 5____________(alarm). When Tony offered to help her dressing, Claire felt 6______________(embarrass). 7_______________(gradual), Tony began to win Claire’s trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, 8____________(give) her a new haircut, changing the makeup she 9____________(wear) and giving her advice on her dresses. Therefore at the party all the guests were filled with 10_______________(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed. At the same time, Tony left a deep impression on all of 11____________(they), because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence. 12______________ a clever and lovely robot it is.
参考答案：
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。随着科技的发展, 巨型机器人可用于建设房屋, 而且具有时间短、成本低等优势, 并且能够满足不同收入的人们的实际购房需求。
1【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Forget weeks to find a builder and months for house construction; a machine developed in the United States can build a 232 sqm house layer by layer in a single day. 可知原先需要几个月的房屋建筑现在只要一天就能完成, 巨型机器人的明显优势是它可以节省大量的时间。
2【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段画线部分之前的内容“Contour Crafting could greatly decrease the cost of homeowning, making it possible for millions of displaced people”中的“decrease the cost of”并结合选项可推知, 由于建房成本大大降低了, 所以许多人可以买得起房子了。因此B项与画线部分意思相近。
3【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“As a result, it could be ideal to print out expensive houses according to customers’ demands. ”可知, 它可以根据客户的需要建设出豪宅。由此结合第三段第一句可推知, 新的建设技术能满足不同收入水平的人们的需求。
4.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知, 随着巨型机器人技术的发展, 在建筑业会有新的就业机会, 而建筑工人的主要任务是维护机器。由此可推知, 建筑工人将会更新自己的技能。
【文章大意】本文介绍了“Robotic Fly”, 它能像真的苍蝇一样自然飞行, 小小的翅膀能让它停在空中, 表演各种飞行任务。 5【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. 可知选项B正确。
6【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 “The added difficulty with a project like this is that. . . 可知事实上那些元件没有一件能现货供应的, 要理解be off the shelf 的用法, 所以选项C. they had no ready-made components就是对本句的同义替换, 故为正确答案。
7【解析】选B。推理判断题。题干要求在第三段和第四段来推测, 纵观三四两段, 尤其是第四段尾句“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said. 可推断出只有B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time正确。
8【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章末段的to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead告诉我们这些机器人可以替代动物, 故D项正确。考生需要注意的是, 说明文末段尤其带有转折关系的路标词往往是题眼所在。
【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们怎样避免在工作时被打断。
1. 【解析】选B。空后面是一个完整的句子, 这说明填空处是一个从句, 然后根据前面的Interruptions可知选B。 2. 【解析】选A。根据空后面的句点可知, 填空处需要一个完整的句子。根据下一句中的you have a million things to do 可知you’re busy。故选A。
3. 【解析】选E。空前面一句提到, 有人想打断你时, 安排好以后见面的时间, 由此可知, 填空处表示让想打断你的人知道你什么时候有空很重要。故选E。
4. 【解析】选D。空后面是一个完整的句子, 所以此处是一个从句, 根据空前面的提示词office可知选D。[来源:学科网ZXXK] 5. 【解析】选G。根据空前面的a door和本段最后一句中的the door is closed可知选G。
【文章大意】本文介绍了自己的英雄堂兄Mark是如何影响了作者人生的故事, 从中让读者了解到每个人都有那么一个人在影响着自己, 启发着自己学到人生的真谛。
1【解析】选B。词语辨析题。accept接受; remember记得; imagine想象; discover发现。我记得这件事就好像发生在昨天似的。根据句意可知选B。
2【解析】选C。词语辨析题。make制造; miss 想念, 错过; receive收到; use使用。一个晚上大约在八点钟的时候, 我妈妈接到一个电话。根据句意可知选C。
3【解析】选B。词语辨析题。promise许诺; inform告知; show展示; beg乞求。医生告知他们我阿姨要立刻动手术。故选B。
4【解析】选D。背景常识题。curious好奇的; sure确信的; disappointed感到失望的; worried担忧的。我的家人都非常担忧我阿姨的状况。故选D。
5【解析】选A。词语辨析题。care关心; action行动; purpose目的; interest兴趣。当阿姨在医院里得到特别的照顾时, 我的堂兄Mark和我们待在一块。故选A。
6【解析】选A。词语辨析题。create创造; face面对; find 发现; influence影响。神经紊乱给他的日常生活带来了很多的问题。故选A。
7【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。unless除非; although尽管; until直到……为止; because因为。他没有任何真正的朋友, 因为没人和他交往。故选D。
8【解析】选C。词语辨析题。believe相信, 认为; regret后悔; admit承认; decide决定。我必须承认的是刚开始的时候我不知道他会给我家带来多少负担。故选C。
9【解析】选C。词语辨析题。puzzle迷惑; failure失败; burden负担; conflict冲突。根据语境可知选C。
10【解析】选B。词语辨析题。weakness劣势; ignorance无知, 愚昧; relief减轻, 安慰; mercy同情。现在看来我当时表现出来的无知令我很悲伤。故选B。
11【解析】选A。词语辨析题。understand理解; dream 梦想; question询问; require要求。我可能对生活和它的真谛了解更多了。故选A。
12【解析】选D。词语辨析题。anything 任何事情; something某事; nothing什么也没有; everything每件事情。回想起来, 我认为生活中的一切都是理所当然的。故选D。
13【解析】选C。词语辨析题。powerful强大的; brave勇敢的; lucky幸运的; successful成功的。现在我知道能独立做这些事是多么幸运啊。故选C。
14【解析】选B。词语辨析题。variety种类; level水平; job工作; balance平衡。Mark 17岁, 但学习能力相当于9岁的水平。故选B。
15【解析】选A。词语辨析题。possibility可能性; function功能; achievement 成就; difficulty困难。他尝试做大部分其他人能做的事情的可能性。故选A。
16【解析】选D。词语辨析题。typically 典型地; occasionally偶尔; accidentally意外地; actually事实上。事实上他做得很好。 17【解析】选A。词语辨析题。challenge挑战; prevent阻止; treat对待, 治疗; report报告。他向病魔发起挑战, 表现出热爱生活的态度。故选A。
18【解析】选C。词语辨析题。business生意; cost费用; pace步调; request请求。at one’s own pace以某人自己的节奏, 19【解析】选B。词语辨析题。represent象征; change改变; form形成, 组成; support支持。Mark就是我的英雄, 因为他的残疾永远改变了我对生活的态度。故选B。
20【解析】选D。词语辨析题。easily容易地; normally正常地; properly合适地; completely完全地, 彻底地。观点能改变得这么彻底。故选D。
【文章大意】作者的妻子沉溺于网购, 常花冤枉钱, 且不听作者的提醒和劝诫。可见, 网购给人们的生活带来便利的同时, 也带来了一些问题。
61. 【解析】It。考查固定句型。It seems that. . . 表示“似乎……”, 为固定句式。
62. 【解析】had shopped。考查时态。It was the first/second. . . time that sb. had done sth. 表示“是某人第一/二……次做某事”。 63. 【解析】to think。考查非谓语动词。remind sb. to do sth. 表示“提醒某人做某事”。
64. 【解析】approaching。考查非谓语动词。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构, 因为宾语the New Year与宾补所用动词approach构成主谓关系, 所以应使用现在分词作宾补, 故填approaching。
65. 【解析】Besides。考查逻辑关系。此处是作者的妻子在陈述自己网购的又一个理由, 所以应填入Besides。注意: 此处并无转折关系, 不能填入However。
66. 【解析】buying。考查非谓语动词。此处作介词of的宾语, 故用动词-ing形式。
67. 【解析】development。考查词性转化。with the development of. . . 表示“随着……的发展”, 为固定短语。
68. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。该句的先行词为Those, 此处是指人的不定代词, 且关系词在从句中作主语, 所以填入who。
69. 【解析】problems。考查名词单复数。根据空格前的“a series of”及下文中的“One of them is”可知, 此处名词应使用复数形式。
70. 【解析】easily。考查词性转化。因修饰谓语动词, 作状语, 所以应用副词。
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了记忆水平和记忆的种类。
36. C。由该空前的People use their memories during every moment of their lives以及该空后的Even to walk or to eat, people remember the movements they learned as children可知，C项内容“人们必须记住语言和想法来完成说和写”符合此处语境。
37. B。由该空前的there are two levels of memory和该空后的The other is long-term memory可知，设空处介绍其中一种记忆水平——短期记忆。
38. E。上一段介绍了短期记忆，由本段的描述可知，本段主要介绍长期记忆，故E项内容符合此处语境。
39. F。F项中的motor-skill memory与前文呼应。
40. A。由上文及本段的描述可知，记忆包括运动技能记忆、事实记忆和情感记忆，本段是对情感记忆的介绍。
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