Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t . 3）。表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是） It can’t be true . Can it be true ? 2. may 用法
1）表允许，请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。 注：May I ….? Yes ,you may No, you can’t / mustn’t .
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. 2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。 Maybe he knows the news .= He _____ _____ the news. 3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step.
注：Must I ….? Yes, you must / No,you needn’t(don’t have to ). --Must we hand in our exercise—books now? --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。 You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。 There must be something wrong ,____ ____? 4.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1).用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。 a).Need I ….? Yes , you must / No, you needn’t . Need we finish the work today ?Yes you __? A.need B.can C. may D.must
b).need + do sth . 变否定句：needn’t do sth 变疑问句：Need sb do sth ? 2).用作实义动词
a).need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things . 变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth . 变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?
Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t . You don’t need to do it yourself.
b).当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done . The table needs painting . =The table needs _____ _____ _____ . 5.had better 的用法
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1). had better + 动词原形 = It’s best to do sth .
You had better ______ (stay )at home . = _____ ______ ______ stay at home . 2). Had better not +动词原形
We had better ________(not play ) the computer games . 6.must 与have to
1).一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to
2).must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因） have to ―必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因） I can’t stop playing the computer games . For your health ,I’m afraid you ______. A.can B.may C.must D.had to 二．情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干” I should have finished the work earlier.
He isn’t here. He must have missed the train. 2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在??”，“可能正在??”，“应当正在”等意。 It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch. They may be discussing this problem. He can’t be telling the truth.
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak. 三．情态动词的同义转换. 1.can = be able to 2.must = have to
3.needn’t = don’t have to 4.need do sth = need to do sth .
中考考点十一：非谓语动词
一、动词不定式
1.动词不定式作宾语。
1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。 I hope ______(hear)from you soon .
2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。 After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest . He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work). 2.动词不定式作宾语补。
1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him _________(come) quickly.
2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to . He made the baby _______(stop) crying . The baby was made ______ _____ crying.
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3.动词不定式作主语
1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。 To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth To get an injection is a little painful .
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection 4.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后 名词或代词+to do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。 I want a pen to write ______.
I want a piece of paper to write ______. 5.动词不定式与疑问词连用 疑问词+ to do sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth‖. Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ? Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital. 6.动词不定式可作状语
1).动词不定式可作目的状语
在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。 He came here ______(get)his book. 2).动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语 He was glad _______(see) his wife. 3).动词不定式可作结果状语
在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。 He was too tired _______(walk) on . 7.动词不定式作表语 be + to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。 Her wish is _______(become) a doctor . _____ _____ is her wish . 8.动词不定式的否定形式 在动词不定式的前面加not . He told me _______(not stay) here .
9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。 1).动词不定式符号的省略情况
若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。
Edison’s mother taught him to write and read .
I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema. 2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。 Will you take a walk with me ? I’m glad to .
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Would you like to join my birthday party ? I would love to . 二、动名词
1.动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.
2.有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。 三、现在分词
1.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。 I saw the boy____(play)in the street just now .
2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping . Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=
Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li? 3.现在分词表伴随情况
He came into the classroom ,carrying a book. 四、过去分词 1.作宾补
have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事 I had my TV repaired last night . 2.作定语
单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?
Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun? 3.作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化 My cup is broken .
七年级至九年级的非谓语动词
一．接动词不定式 （ to do/ do sth ）
1.like to do sth 2.like sb to do sth 3.Let’s (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth 5.want sb to do sth 6.love to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth
9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth 11.It’s time (for sb) to do sth 12.help sb (to ) do sth 13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 15.decide (not ) to do sth 16.find it +adj + to do sth 17.have to do sth 18.try (not ) to do sth 19.try one’s best to do sth
20.It’s +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth 22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth 23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth 24.send sb to do sth 25.invite sb to do sth 26.forget to do sth 27.live to be +时间 28.be able to do sth 29.have sth to do
30.seem to do sth 31.get sb /sth to do sth 32.疑问词+ to do sth 33.need sth to do sth 34.use sth to do sth 35.follow sb to sth 36.need to do sth 37.a good time to do sth 38.the best time to do sth 39.the best way to do sth 40.be the first / last one to do sth 41.would like to do sth 42.be excited /surprised to do sth 43.be useful to do sth
44.be allowed to do sth 45.allow sb to do sth 46.It’s better to do sth 47.It’s best to do sth 48.take care (not) to do sth 49.see sb do sth 50.why not do sth ?51.have enough time to do sth
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