自然拼读法(又叫做Phonics)能使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中,了解和学习英语字母组合的奥妙,掌握英语拼读规律。学生一旦掌握了这种方法,教师在课堂上出示的绝大多数单词,他们不借助音标,都能够读出来,在听写单词时,按照拼读规律能够写出该单词。最终达到见到生词就会读,会读的生词就会写,会写的生词就会说的学习目的。一旦掌握了这种方法,在英语学习方面将会达到事半功倍的效果,在今后的学习中将终身受益。
1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. 另外, y有时会被作为元音处理 ( 如: one syllable, y at the end (as “i”): my, why, fly, sky; two syllables, y at the end (as “e”); daddy, mommy, baby).
2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习 (One Vowel Word, Short Vowel), 如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等.
3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 (Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have 等.
4. 第四步, 是一个单词里有两个元音时, 前边一个元音发字母音, 后边一个元音不发音 (Two Vowel Words). 如: make, made, see, sea, five, nine, road, toe等等.
5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读 (Consonant Blends), 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等.
有一些辅音不发音. 如: ghost, comb, lamb等 ×××要掌握一下和\联在一起的发音: ch, sh, th, wh
6. 第六步, 是特殊读法.
单音节词, 以元音结尾, 这个元音发字母音. 如: me, hi, go 等等
Irregular Vowels: ar (car), ay (hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur (burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy (boy), ow (读音一: cow, now, how, bow; 读音二: bow, snow), ou (could), old (old, cold), ough (cough, through, ought, slough) 等有其特别的发音. ================
\和 \在一起时, 发一个音(Copy cat):? quick, black等.
\总是和\在一起:quite, quick, quit, quilt等?
\和 \在一起, 发\的音: phone, photo.?
什么是自然拼读法 (重新整理过, 更完善) 美国小孩都学自然拼读法, 中国也在往那个方向走。
了解了自然拼读法的发音规则后, 看到一个新单词就能对它的读音猜个八九不
离十, 而且有利于记住拼写.
自然拼读法基本规则:
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
??五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音:长音(其字母音)和短音
??y不在单词开头时,一般被看做元音
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾,这个元音一般发
短音.
如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等. ??Beginning Consonants ??Ending Consonants
??One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时, 一般来说,前边一个元音发长音(其字母音),
后边一个元音不发音.
如: make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road,
coat, toe, cute等等.
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
??Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm,
sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
??Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
??Words ending in ll, ss, ff ??Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1)– 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh,
all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo 以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。
Examples:
??ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk) ??al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
??ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),
ed:
?says /ed/: patted, landed, lifted
???says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped ???says /d/: cried, played, chewed
??er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
??ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild,
child), igh (high, night, light), ire
??oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
ow (读音一:cow, now, how, bow; 读音二:bow, low, blow, snow),
ou (shout, out, loud)
ould (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音:cough, through, ought,
slough, plough),
ought, , ous (famous, nervous),
??ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
??tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),
??ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2)
??如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾, 这个元音一般发长
音(其字母音) (Vowel at the end).
如:me, hi, go, baby, table, humor,hibernate 等等。
??Y在末尾 (作为元音处理)(y at the end):
????单音节词, 没有其他元音,y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end
(pronounced as “I”)): my, why, fly, sky
????多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced
as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby,honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.
它们不遵守前边的发音规则,需要死记硬背。
8. 特殊读法(4) – 辅音的特殊读法
??有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants).
????Silent b: comb, lamb
????Silent h: ghost
????Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know… ????Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
??\和 \在一起时, 发一个音: quick, black等. ??\总是和\在一起:quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一
个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音. ??\和 \在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo.
??复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)
??c和g 的两种读音:
????如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发/s/, g发/j/的音: center, cigar,
nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.
????其他情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.
????特殊情况: get, give
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
??多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound ??复合词: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside
自然拼读法从简到难的学习顺序为:
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
??其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. ??y有时会被作为元音处理
?????单音节词, y在末尾, y发”I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced as“i”)): my, why, fly, sky
?????多音节词, y在末尾, y发”E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等. ??Beginning Consonants ??Ending Consonants
??One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
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