cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”．
__38__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. __39__ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. __40__ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
38．G 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。
39．F 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。
40．A 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也很难长时间的保密，故判断A选项符合语境。
[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]
A garden that's just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? __16__. But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●__17__
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colour. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). __18__. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. __19__—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. __20__. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It's our experience of the garden that matters D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
17．A 考查语境理解及主题句。综合本段的信息，尤其是“…there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与A的意义一致。
18．E 考查上下文的语境理解。根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no
more…Others are concerned about using gardening methods…”可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法，这与E项的内容一致。
19．C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据前句的意思“……那些都不重要”可知本空强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文的语境。
20．G 考查上下文的语境理解。这一部分主要介绍建造属于自己的花园的时候，要回忆一下年幼的时候看到的那些花园，并分别记录它们各自的优点和缺点，为制订自己的花园计划打下基础，因此选G。
[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __16__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. __17__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
__18__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. __19__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. __20__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge. E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了吃鱼对人的好处，以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法。
18. F 由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选F项。
19. A 由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说“不要买这样的鱼”。故选A项。
20. B 空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B项。
[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.__36__，buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.__37__．As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.__38__，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.__39__．After two weeks，start timing yourself.__40__．Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A．After six days
B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training
D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练
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