(完整word)高职高专《有机化学》课后习题答案第九章

第九章 取代酸

习题

1.填空

⑴ 羧基上的羟基；烃基上的氢原子；多官能团。 ⑵ 结晶；粘稠；氢键；大；混溶；高。 ⑶ 酚酸；酚；羧酸；CO2；紫色。 ⑷ 丙酮、乙酰乙酸、β-羟基丁酸。 ⑸ 两个羰基；一个亚甲基；互变异构。 2. 选择

⑴ C ⑵ B ⑶ B ⑷ D ⑸ A 3．完成下列反应。

⑴ CH3CH2CHCOOHOH

⑶ CH3CHCH2CH2COOHΔOH

⑷ 2CH3CH2COOC2H5

⑸ CH3COOCH2CH3+

4. 用简便的化学方法区别下列两组化合物。

⑴ CH3COCH2COOH

HOOCCH2CH2CHOCH3CH(OH)CH2COOHFeCl3-二硝基苯肼2,4 C2H5OOΔ+2H2OOOC2H5稀H2SO4Δ⑵ CH3CH2CH2COCOOHCH3CH2CH2CHO+CO2OO+H2OCH3OO+①C2H5ONa②H+CH3CH2CCHCOC2H5CH3①C2H5ONa②H+C2H5OHCOCH2COOCH2CH3+C2H5OHCOOCH2CH3⑹ CH3CH2COCH2COOC2H55%NaOH2⑺ CH2(COOC2H5)2②CH3酮式分解CH3CH2COCH3+C2H5OH+CO2CH3H2OH+①CH5ONaCH2ClCH2CH(COOC2H5)2CH3-CO2ΔCH2CH(COOH)2CH3CH2CH2COOH黄色晶体黄色晶体×Ag(NH3)2OH×Ag银镜⑵ CH3COCH2COCH2CH3 CH3COCH2CH2COCH3

紫色×202

5．以甲醇、乙醇为主要原料，用乙酰乙酸乙酯法合成下列化合物。

OO(1) CH3CCH2C①C2H5ONaOC2H5②CHICH3C3OOCHCOC2H5①C2H5ONa②CH3ICH3①C2H5ONa(2) CH3CCH2COC2H5②CHCH3CCHCOC2H53CH2Br CH2CH3OOC2H5O

①NaOH,HOC2H5ONa2 CH3CH2BrCH3CCCOC2H5②H2SO4,ΔCH3CCHCH2CH3C2H5CH2CH3

OCH3O①40%NaOHCH3CHCOOHCH3CCCOC2H5②H+,H2OCH3CH3OOOO (4) O

OOO(3) CH3CCH2C①CHONaOC2H5②(CH2)5CHCHClCH3C322OOCHCOC2H5CH2CH(CH3)2①C2H5ONa②CH3IOCH3OCH3CCCOC2H5①40%NaOHCH3CHCH2CHCOOH②H+,H2OCH2CH(CH3)2CH3CH3CH3C CH2COC2H5①C2H5ONa②CH3COCH2ClOOCH3CCHCO①NaOH,H2OOC2H5②H+,ΔOOCH3CCH2CH2CCH3CH2CCH3 6．以丙二酸二乙酯为主要原料，合成下列化合物。

25(1) CH2(COOC2H5)2②CH3CH2CH2BrCH3CH2CH2CH(COOC2H5)2

-CO2CHCHCHCH(COOH)3222CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH Δ①CHONaH+,H2O (2)

CH2(COOC2H5)2

①C2H5ONaCH2Cl②CH2CH(COOC2H5)2①H+,H2O②,-CO2CH2CH2COOH (3) CH2(COOC2H5)2

(4) 2CH(COOCH)2252

H+,H2O①C2H5ONa②CH3I①C2H5ONa②(CH3)2CHCl(CH3)2CH2CH(COOC2H5)2①H+,H2O②,-CO2(CH3)2CH2C(COOC2H5)2CH3①C2H5ONa②BrCH2CH2BrCH3CH CHCOOHCH3CH3CH2CH(COOC2H5)2CH2CH(COOC2H5)2CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2COOHCH2CH(COOH)2CH2CH(COOH)2Δ-2CO2203

7．推断结构

⑴ OH

⑵

CH=CHCH3OHA.COOHB.OCOCH3C.COOHOHCOOCH3 204