课时提能练(二十一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·桂林模拟)You may be familiar with the following famous people，but have you heard of their graduation speeches，in which they either share their unforgettable experiences or give you some great inspiration?
●Michael Dell，University of Texas at Austin
And now you've accomplished something great and important here，and it's time for you to move on to what's next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps...You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed with and go.
●J.K.Rowling，Harvard University
Half my lifetime ago，I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectations from my parents who were not rich...But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty，but failure.The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure.You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.
●Steve Jobs，Stanford University
Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick.Don't lose faith...Your work is going to fill a large part of your life，and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work，and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven't found it yet，keep looking，and don't settle.
●Bill Gates，Harvard University
We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments，but for universities，smaller organizations，and even individuals to see problems，see approaches and deal with the world's inequities(不公平) like hunger，poverty and so on.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四位世界著名人物的毕业演讲，包括迈克尔·戴尔、J.K.罗琳、史蒂夫·乔布斯和比尔·盖茨。
1．What Michael Dell said is to urge us to ________．
A．listen to our heart B．learn from our mistakes C．follow others' example D．pursue our dreams
D [推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Michael Dell”定位至第二段，由第二段第一句“And now you've accomplished something great and important here，and it's time for you to move on to what's next”可知，迈克尔·戴尔认为毕业之时是继续前进的时候；根据第二段第三、四句“You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed with and go”可知，他还鼓励人们勇于探索冒险，鼓足信心，用自己的技能和知识继续前进；据此可以判断，迈克尔·戴尔鼓励人们追求自己的梦想，故D项正确。]
2．What did J．K.Rowling fear most when she was studying in university? A．Failure. C．Poverty.
B．Hunger.
D．Parents' expectations.
A [细节理解题。由题干关键词“J.K. Rowling”定位至第三段，根据第三段第二句“But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty，but failure”可知，J.K.罗琳在大学时最害怕的不是贫穷，而是失败；故A项正确。]
3．What does Bill Gates suggest people do? A．Master as much advanced technology as possible. B．Work together to solve some global problems. C．Make contributions to the environment. D．Take responsibility for their own behavior.
B [细节理解题。由题干关键词“Bill Gates”定位至第五段，根据第五段内容可知，比尔·盖茨鼓励人们协同工作，一起解决全球的饥饿、贫穷等不公平问题，故B项正确。]
B
(2019·昆明质检)Bats are the only mammals(哺乳动物) that can fly a long distance，but they have another ability.Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size.European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long.They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week，the group of scientists said they had discovered important biological qualities in some bat species.The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体)．The scientists were most
interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years.Of these animals，the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived an average of 37 years.The scientists said it had telomeres that did not shorten with age.Another Myotis hold the record for oldest age，reaching 41 years.The scientists' findings suggest that these bats' cells have the ability to keep and repair their telomeres.This，they said，helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size，a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years.But，these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that.The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered.18 of these are bats.The only exception is an unusual African rat.
【语篇解读】 该文是一篇研究性实验报告。欧洲研究人员通过研究蝙蝠来了解它们长寿的原因。
4．What decides bats' aging process according to the text? A．The length of telomeres. B．The body size of the bat. C．The types of chromosomes. D．The building of cells.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging”可知，科学家们对连接到染色体末端的结构最感兴趣。它们被称为端粒，每次细胞分裂时它会缩短。科学家们相信这个缩短的过程会导致细胞分裂。他们说这是导致变老的原因，由此可知，端粒的长度决定了蝙蝠变老的过程。故选A。]
5．How long does a greater mouse-eared bat generally live? A．19 years. C．41 years.
B．37 years. D．60 years.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Of these animals，the greater mouse-eared bat
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