全国自考《英语写作基础》历年真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年4月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解课程代码：00597Ⅰ.重写句子(15points,1.5pointseach)Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotherequirementinbrackets.Example:ThehistoryofEnglishwordsisthehistoryofourcivilizationinmanyways.(periodicsentence)Inmanyways,thehistoryofEnglishwordsisthehistoryofourcivilization.1.Theyoungmanjumpedintotheriver.Hesavedthelittleboy.(simplesentence)【答案】Theyoungmanjumpedintotheriverandsavedthelittleboy.【解析】题目中的两个简单句的主语一致，因此这里可以将主语合并，由and连接两位谓语成分，构成一个简单句。2.TheplanefromChicagolandedsafelyatBeijingCapitalInternationalAirportdespitetheheavyfog.(periodicsentence)【答案】Despitetheheavyfog,theplanefromChicagolandedsafelyatBeijingCapitalInternationalAirport.【解析】圆周句是将句子的重心置于句尾。这里将despite引导的让步状语从句放在句首，而将主句置于句尾。3.Thebeachwassobeautiful.Theweatherwasidealforswimminginthesea.(compoundsentence)【答案】Thebeachwassobeautifulandtheweatherwasidealforswimminginthesea.【解析】由于题目中的两个句子为并列关系，因此这里用并列连词and将其连接起来。4.Childrenmustgotoschool.Theycandeveloptheirreasoningandthinkingskillsthere.(complexsentence)【答案】Childrenmustgotoschoolwheretheycandeveloptheirreasoningandthinkingskills.【解析】题目要求将原句改为复合句。这里由关系副词where引导定语从句修饰school。5.Wedecidedthatthemoviewastooviolent.Ourchildrenlikedtowatchscarymovies.Theythoughtthatwewerewrong.(compound-complexsentence)【答案】Wedecidedthatthemoviewastooviolent,butourchildrenwholikedtowatchscarymoviesthoughtthatwewerewrong.【解析】题目要求将原句改为并列复合句。“Wedecidedthatthemoviewastooviolent”和“ourchildrenthoughtthatwewerewrong”之间为转折关系，故这里使用表示转折关系的连词but连接，而who引导定语从句修饰ourchildren。6.Theyplayedcardsandswappedjokes.Theypassedtheeveningverypleasantly.(sentencewithamodifyingphrase)【答案】Playingcardsandswappingjokes,theypassedtheeveningverypleasantly.【解析】本题用现在分词短语作方式状语，来修饰they，主句为“theypassedtheeveningverypleasantly”。7.Lindacouldn’tdecidewhethertogoontocollege.Shecouldn’tdecidewhethertopursuehermodelingcareereither.(sentencewithparallelstructure)【答案】Lindacouldn’tdecidewhethertogoontocollegeandwhethertopursuehermodelingcareer.【解析】本题要求改为平行结构。由于题目中两个简单句共用一个主语和谓语动词，这里采用宾语whethertodo的平行结构，由and连接两个平行结构的宾语成分。8.Thechairmancametotowninpersontolookintothecauseoftheincident.(sentencewithtoopener)【答案】Tolookintothecauseoftheincident,thechairmancametotowninperson.【解析】以动词不定式开头，强调目的，而将主句置于句尾。9.TheAmericansandtheBritishmayhavelittledifficultycommunicatingwithoneanother.Theyspeakthesamelanguage.Theysharethesameculture.(longsentence)【答案】TheAmericansandtheBritishmayhavelittledifficultycommunicatingwithoneanother,becausetheyspeakthesamelanguageandsharethesameculture.【解析】主句“TheAmericansandtheBritishmayhavelittledifficultycommunicatingwithoneanother”与后面的句子为因果关系，故这里使用because引导原因状语从句。而两个简单句“Theyspeakthesamelanguage”和“Theysharethesameculture”共用一个主语，故从句中用and连接两个谓语成分。10.Spacesciencemayseemtohavelittletodowithpeople’sdailylives.Spacescientistsseetheirsciencedifferently.Theythinktheirsciencegivesperspectivetoeverydayproblems.(compound-complexsentence)【答案】Spacesciencemayseemtohavelittletodowithpeople’sdailylives,butspacescientistsseetheirsciencedifferentlyastheythinktheirsciencegivesperspectivetoeverydayproblems.【解析】题目要求改为并列复合句。题目中的第一句和第二句话为转折关系，因此这里使用表示转折关系的连词but连接，而第二句和第三句为因果关系，故用as引导原因状语从句。Ⅱ.修改病句(15points,3pointseach)Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.Example:Afterseeinganoffensivemouthwashadontelevision.Iresolvednevertobuythatbrandagain.Afterseeinganoffensivemouthwashadontelevision,Iresolvednevertobuythatbrandagain.11.Thetelephonerangloudly,thefamilywasawakenedinthemiddleofthenight.【答案】Thetelephonerangloudlysothefamilywasawakenedinthemiddleofthenight.【解析】两个简单句不能仅仅用逗号隔开，需用连词将其连接起来。由于题中的两个句子为因果关系，因此使用表示结果的连词so将其连接。12.Tiedtoapost,theseawastossingtheboatupanddown.【答案】Tiedtoapost,theboatwasbeingtossedupanddown.【解析】过去分词作状语，分词的主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。这里分词的主语为theboat，因此将主句的主语改为theboat，则句子需相应地使用被动语态。13.Wecouldseethefootballstadiumdrivingacrossthebridge.【答案】Wecouldseethefootballstadiumwhenwedroveacrossthebridge.【解析】这里的现在分词是修饰we，而不是修饰thefootballstadium，因此可以使用when引导时间状语从句来表示“当……时候”。14.TheThompsonsenjoyworkingtogether.Travelingaroundthecountry.Findingjobsastheymoveon.【答案】TheThompsonsenjoyworkingtogether,travelingaroundthecountryandfindingjobsastheymoveon.【解析】动名词结构不能成为一个独立句子，这里采用动名词的平行结构，用and将动名词结构连接起来。15.Thesteelcompanyhasbeenlosingmoneybecauseitsmanagementisinefficient,highlaborcosts,andinternationalcompetitionisfierce.【答案】Thesteelcompanyhasbeenlosingmoneybecauseofitsinefficientmanagement,highlaborcostsandfierceinternationalcompetition.【解析】because后加句子，故highlaborcosts表达错误。这里可以使用becauseof后接名词短语的平行结构，使句子清晰简洁。Ⅲ.辨认主题句(15points,5pointseach)16.Choosethebesttopicsentencefromthefouroptionsbelow.Writethecorrespondingletterofyourchoiceintheblankprovided.A.Passivesmokersmayeasilycatchthediseasesactivesmokersinvite.B.Passivesmokingisbecomingwidelyrecognizedasamajorhealthhazard.C.Researchersfindthatsecond-handsmokeincreasesone’sriskoflungcancer.D.Passivesmokingreferstothesecond-handsmokethatnonsmokersbreathein.Yourchoice:________【答案】B【解析】主题句不仅仅是对一个事实的描述，更是一个可拓展，可辩论的观点。A，C，D三项均是仅仅描述一个客观事实，而B项则可以叙述被动吸烟会带来哪些危害，故B项为主题句。17.Readthefollowingparagraphandunderlinethetopicsentence.Manypeoplethinkthatanurseisasmilingwoman,inawhiteuniformandcap,whosemainjobsaretotakeyourtemperatureandgiveyouinjectionswhileyouareinhospital.However,thisstereotypeofanurseisnotcorrect.Today’snurses,bothmaleandfemale,aretrainedprofessionalswhooffercomfortandassistancetopeoplewhoarephysicallyormentallyill.Theyworkinhospitalbedroomsandoperatingroom;theyalsohelppeopleininstitutionsandprovideprofessionalhomecare.Usingtheirmedicalandpsychologicaltraining,theytakecareoftheirpatientsandhelpthemrecoverfromillnesses.Agoodnursealsoteacheshisorherpatientshowtostayhealthy.