高考专题：短文改错 考纲要求：考查考生的语言基本功
考查考生正确使用英语进行表达的能力 考查目标：考查考生准确使用词语和语法结构的能力 考查难度：**** 分值：15 10%
错误类别及数目：错词：7-8个 缺词：1-2个 多词：1-2个 错误 类型 多 词 缺 词 数量 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 错词（修改错误） 名词 时态语态 非谓语 主谓一致 行文逻辑 形容词、副词 1-2 4-6 其他 错误类型分析
以上不同类型的错误，可以归纳为四个方面：词法错误、句法错误、行文逻辑错误及常用搭配错误。 一．词法错误
词法错误是短文改错错误率最高的部分，需特别注意。最重要在于细心观察和平常学习对语言知识积累。错误类型通常有：形容词与副词形式的错用；形容词或副词级别的错用；形容词或副词的修饰词不当；形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词使用不正确；名词的单复数使用错误；冠词使用不当等。 1.形容词与副词形式的错用 例题解析
It was so kind of you to let us bring Anne’s friend,Gina.Unfortunate,the only problem was the journey home.(2012辽宁卷）
练习：We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath.(2012陕西卷） 2.形容词或副词级别的错用
三个级别乱用，比较级的修饰语使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有：a bit,a little,slightly,somewhat,any,much,
far,many,greatly,rather,a lot,a great(good)deal,even,still,yet.常见的最高级修饰语有：almost,(by)far,by no means,
much,nearly,quite,really,second,third等。 例题解析
I knew that they would be worried about me because I was so farther away,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.(2012浙江卷）
练习：I learned early in life taht I had to be more patient and little aggressive.（2012全国卷）
3.有无-ly结尾的副词错用 例题解析
As we all know,Tom is good at jumping and he can jump highly.
练习：Hearing his story about his experience in America,we were deep moved.
4.-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词的错用（错误观点，实际上-ed结尾的形容词指的是主语自身感受，而-ing结尾的形容词表达的是“令....的”之意。
例题解析Therefore,I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.(2012浙江卷） 练习：I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.(2011陕西卷）
5 冠词使用不当错误 例题解析
I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple.(2010浙江卷）
练习：In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.(2012辽宁卷） 6 名词单复数错误 例题分析
Unfortunately,I had an accident and hit another car,and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.(2012浙江卷）
练习：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.（2011全国卷） 二．句法错误
句法错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关，难度较大。包括：动词的时态语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，情态动词等；名词性从句中的连词选择；定语从句中的关系代词和关系关系副词的选择；状语从句中引导词的选择。
1.动词的时态、语态错误（必考） 例题解析
When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train,my father said,“that’s it.No more toys for you.”(2012全国卷）
练习：Thank you for the lovely day we have with you.(2012辽宁卷）
2.非谓语动词的使用错误（动词不定式不可以省却省了，不需要用to结果用了，过去分词和现在分词乱用；该用非谓语而用了谓语）
例题解析“Excuse me,”she said ,put her arm around the unhappy old woman.(2010浙江卷） 练习：She was,in fact,rather attractive,and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her.(2010辽宁卷）
3.主谓一致错误（意义一致，语法一致，就近原则，就远原则）
例题解析Luckily I had all my money in my pocket,but the only clothes I had was those I had on.(2011全国卷）
练习：In early January this year,the rate of UFO reports were stesdy,around three per week.(2011辽宁卷）
4.对是否为及物动词判断错误（易错点）
例题解析He wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements.(2011辽宁卷）
练习When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.(2011全国卷） 5.主从句连接词错误
例题解析But before long they began to see which was happening.(2012全国卷）
练习：It turned out to be her own cup,that she’d left on the shelf by mistake.(2010陕西卷） 三 行文逻辑错误（词法句法没问题，考虑逻辑，常见的有代词、副词的指代错误，连词的逻辑意义错误等，阅读全文综合考虑）
1.代词及副词指代错误（代词的指代对象、代词的性别，单复数及单词的格与文章逻辑不一致，反身代词的错用；副词的指代。
例题解析I was happy when the toys worked,but when things went wrong,I got angry and broke it.(2012全国卷）
练习：I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.(2012浙江卷）
2 副词及连词逻辑意义错误
例题解析In the end,we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.(2012辽宁卷）
练习：Unfortunately,by the time i got back,they had finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen everywhere.
四 常见搭配错误（介词与动词及名词或动词与副词搭配错误。还有reason与for搭配，cause与of搭配，repeat不与again搭配等。
例题解析There was one on particular I’d always wanted.(2011浙江卷）
练习：I would always know I’d done something wrong.Late on ,ma aunt drove me home.(2011浙江卷）
总结 解题技巧
1.以句子为单位二不是以行为单位进行判断。 2.注重上下文之间的逻辑关系。 3.看习惯用法、固定搭配是否正确。 细节入手 1.时态是否一致 2.主谓是否一致 3.代词是否一致
4.句子中的谓语是否完整 5.是否该用被动
6.主从句的连接词是否用对了 7.从句中的谓语是否完整 找错常识
1.每个句子错误的最大词数为两个，且不会紧挨着； 2.不设置标点符号错误
3.不设置单词拼写错误，但会出现单词形式的使用错误 实战演练
Last Friday my friend went to visit his boyfriend and decide to stay there for the night.In the afternoon there was a strongly wind and she sent me a message asking me bring in her clothes which were hanging out to dry. But when I returned back to the dorm I found her cloth had blown away.I had intended to call to say that I felt very sorry of this but I forgot to.The next day,she came back and asked me when I had put her clothes. I said I was very more sorry that her clothes had blown away,and she became very angry.What makes me sad is that she hasn’t talked to me since then.
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