Unit 8 Sports
⊕考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
1. 重点单词与短语continent; tie; athlete; medal; torch; dive; shooting; competitor; further; prepare; effect; compete; weight; position; point; title; gesture; facial; in one’s opinion; with the help of; so far; make oneself heard; stand for; because of; would rather; take part; in preparation for; prefer…to…; have…effect on; by hand 2. 句型
I'd rather watch it than play it. would rather的用法
Every four years, athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 表示“每隔……”的说法
To make it the best ever games, the capital city will make several big changes. 不定式做目的状语
It is true / certain...that... it作形式主语代替主语从句 Yao Ming has more than just size. more than 的用法 3. 语法：一般将来时的被动语态
(1)描述食物将受到某种影响或某种处理----使用将来时被动语态。
(2)描述人物将被动的接受某种行为或某种处理----使用将来时被动语态。
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握tie; medal; dive; competitor; further; prepare; effect; weight; position; point; gesture; in one’s opinion; with the help of; so far; make oneself heard; stand for; because of; would rather; take part; in preparation for; prefer…to…; have…effect on; by hand等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握“宁愿怎么样而不愿怎么样的”的用法；不定式作目的状语的用法；it作形式主语代替主语从句的用法以及more than 的用法
⊕教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1.What do the five Olympic rings stand for? stand for ① 代表;象征
The American flag stands for freedom and justice. 美国国旗代表自由及公平。 What do the letters UN stand for? 字母UN代表什么? ②主张;支持,拥护
We stand for self-reliance.
我们主张自力更生。 ③容忍，忍受
I can’t stand for your speaking to your mum like that. 我不能容忍你用那样的方式和你母亲讲话。
stand by
袖手旁观
Don’t just stand by; can’t you lend a hand? 别站在一旁观看，你不能帮一下忙吗？ 相关归纳：
表示容忍的结构：(以下句子都可译为“我不能容忍你用那样的方式和你母亲讲话”) ① stand ；②stand for； ③put up with；④won’t have sb. doing sth.；⑤bear I can’t stand your speaking to your mum like that. I can’t stand for your speaking to your mum like that. I can’t put up with your speaking to your mum like that. I won’t have you speaking to your mum like that. I can’t bear your speaking to your mum like that.
注意：①stand ；②stand for； ③put up with；④won’t have sb. To do sth 后只可以接动名词但是bear 后可以接不定式也可以接动名词。
I can’t bear to be laughed at.= I can’t bear being laughed at. 我不能容忍被嘲笑。
2. How many times have the Olympic Games been stopped because of war? because of与 because的区别：
（1）because是连词，用来引导表语从句或状语从句。 She was worried because her daughter came home late. 由于她的女儿回家的比较晚她很担心
She looks worried. That is because her daughter hasn’t come home. 她看起来很担忧。那是因为她的女儿回家晚了。
（2）because of是介词，用于名词、代词、what从句或动名词前。 Her daughter came home late because of the busy traffic. 由于交通拥挤她的女儿回家晚了。 She was angry because of what you said. 她对你说的话很是生气。
Because of missing the last bus, we had to take a taxi. 由于错过了末班车我们不得不乘出租车。
My views of the world have changed because of traveling. 由于旅游我对世界的看法改变了。 3. I’d rather watch it than play it. 我宁愿看球而不愿意打球。
(1)总结“宁愿……而不愿”的 表达方法：
① would / had do sth rather than do sth宁愿……而不愿 I would rather stay at home than go for a walk. 我宁愿呆在家里也不出去散步。
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
② prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go for a walk. 我宁愿呆在家里也不出去散步。 ③ prefer doing sth to doing sth
I prefer staying at home to going for a walk. 我宁愿呆在家里也不出去散步。 ④would do sth rather than do sth
I would stay at home rather than go for a walk.
我宁愿呆在家里也不出去散步。 (2)would rather 的用法：
①would rather +do sth. 指现在或将来愿意做某事=would rather sb. did sth Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.
如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
②would rather +have done sth. 指现在或将来愿意做某事=would rather sb. had done sth. I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. = I would rather I had gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。
4. Every four years athletes from all over the world took part in the Olympic Games. every与数词或few、other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，一般形成以下结构： （1）every+基数词+复数名词，意为“每……”； （2）every+序数词+单数名词，意为“每第……”； Every third year he will go on a holiday. 每三年他度一次假。
（3）every + other+单数可数名词，指“每隔……”； Please write every other line.
请隔行写。
（4）every+ few+复数名词，译成“每隔几…… Every few days he will go shopping. 每隔几天他就会去购物。
5. Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 该句中as为连词，引导状语从句。 as 作为连词，可以引导5种从句。 (1).时间状语从句。
As time went by, it became colder and colder.
随着时间的流逝，天变得越来越冷。 (2).原因状语从句。
As he was taken a bad cold, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于昨天他感冒了，他没有去上学。 (3).方式状语从句。 Do as I tell you to.
按照我告诉你的去做。
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
人乡随俗。
(4)..让步状语从句。注意要采用倒装句型，即把表语、状语、动词原形提前到as前面。当表语为a + n必须省a
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个小孩，他却知道很多。
Much as he tried , he can’t pass the exam. 尽管他尽力了，可是他还不能通过考试。 Try as he did , he can’t pass the exam. 尽管他尽力了，可是他还不能通过考试。 (5).比较状语从句。
It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan
北京不及武汉热。
6.some of the games in which the young men competed were: running, jumping and wrestling. compete 的用法 派生词：
competition n. 比赛，竞赛
He came first in the poetry competition. 他获诗歌比赛第一名。
We are in competition with several other companies for the contact. 我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同。 competitor n. 竞争者，比赛者
competitive adj. 比赛的，竞争的，不亚于或超过他人的 The firm has better products than its competitors. 这公司的产品比其对手的好。
Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。 知识梳理：
(1)compete in 参加 比赛
Twenty girls competed in the race.
二十位姑娘参加了赛跑。
(2)compete with/ against sb. for sth. 与…竞赛；竞争某事物
Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract. 几家公司正为争取一项合同而相互竞争。
6. It means that every athlete should try to run faster, jump higher and throw further.
farther与further的区别：
farther与further都是形容词和副词far的比较级： (1)farther一般只用于表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”：
On the farther side of the street there was a large shop. 在街的那一边有一家大商店。 We can't go any farther without a rest. 我们不休息就不能再走了。
(2)farther既可表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”；还可表示“更多的”；“另一些”；“进一步的”；“而且”；“此外”等等。
It's not safe to go any further. 再往远走，就不安全了。
Have you any further questions to ask? 你们还有问题要问吗？
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