Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
动词-ing形式的完成式作状语&动词-ing与动词不定式作宾语
阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法
1．Having lost all my friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 2．Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it.
3．This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft.
4．The girls stopped talking when the teacher came into the room. 5．Walking along the road, the girls stopped to look in a shop window. 6．Do you remember going to school for the first time? 7．Remember to give me a ring when you get home.
一、动词-ing形式的完成式作状语
动词-ing形式的完成式由“having＋过去分词形式”构成。它表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词之前。常在句中作时间、原因、让步状语等。
动词-ing形式的完成式的否定式为“not＋having＋过去分词形式”，其被动式为having been done。
Not having received a reply，she decided to write another email. 没有收到回复，她决定再写一封电子邮件。
Having been informed of the decision，I decided to make preparations. 被告知这个决定后，我决定做些准备。
Having worked in the countryside for three years，he learned how to grow vegetables.
在乡下工作了三年之后，他学会了如何种菜。 [名师点津]
动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别
(1)动词-ing形式的一般式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。
(2)动词-ing形式的完成式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。
Seeing those pictures，he couldn't help thinking of those days in Yan'an. 当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(动词-ing形式的一般式作状语表示时间)
Working hard，you will pass the entrance exam. 如果你努力学习，你就会通过入学考试。 (动词-ing形式的一般式作状语表示条件) The road is under construction，causing the delay.
道路正在建设中，因此造成了延误。(动词-ing形式的一般式作状语表示结果) Having got our tickets，we drove to the airport to board the plane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。(动词-ing形式的完成式作状语，表示时间)
二、动词-ing形式与动词不定式作宾语
1．只接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有： 承认(admit)冒险(risk)别继续(keep/keep on) 错过(miss)理解(understand)和感激(appreciate) 推迟(delay)享受(enjoy)不考虑(consider)
完成(finish)想象(imagine)又建议(suggest/advise/recommend) 避免(avoid/escape)介意(mind)想(feel like)延期(put off) 允许(allow/permit)抵制(resist/stand)或放弃(give up) 着手(set about，get down to)练习(practise)要坚持(insist on) Even if I risk losing everything，I won't give up trying. 即使冒着失去一切的危险，我也不会放弃尝试。 I would very much appreciate receiving a copy of the book. 如蒙赐赠该书，不胜感激。
2．只接不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有：
四个希望(hope，wish，expect，long)三答应(agree，promise，undertake)
五个想要(want，desire，plan，would like，would love)巧安排(arrange) 设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide，determine) 犹豫(hesitate)倾向(tend)别声称(claim)
企图(attempt，seek)假装(pretend)要选择(choose) 提出(offer)要求(ask，demand)别拒绝(refuse，decline) 威胁(threaten)准备(prepare)不失败(fail)
He is supposed to have offered help to the old person. 他本应给那位老人提供帮助。 I only just managed to finish on time. 我刚好设法按时完成。 [名师点津]
能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有：show，understand，tell，explain，teach，learn，know，ask，decide，wonder，find out等。
He didn't know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道怎样处理这场事故。
3．既可以接动词-ing形式又可以接不定式，含义差别不大的常见谓语动词有：start，begin，love，like，prefer，hate，intend，continue等。
Dickens began to work/working at a factory when he was very young. 狄更斯很小的时候就开始在一家工厂工作。 Many people prefer living/to live in the country. 很多人偏爱住在乡下。 [名师点津]
love，like，hate后接动词-ing形式通常表示习惯性、一般性的情况，后接不定式表示具体的、一次性的情况。
4．既可以接动词-ing形式又可以接不定式，含义不同的常见谓语动词有： ?remember to do sth.记得去做某事? remember doing sth.记得做过某事?
?forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（此事未做）? forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）?
?go on to do sth.做完一件事接着去做（另一件事）? go on doing sth.（中间停顿后）继续做（同一件事）?
?stop to do sth.停下来去做某事? stop doing sth.停下正在做的事?
?regret to do sth.抱歉、遗憾地做某事? regret doing sth.后悔做了某事?
?mean to do sth.意欲、打算做某事? ?mean doing sth.意味着做某事?try to do sth.设法、企图、尽量做某事? ?try doing sth.尝试做某事
?can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事? ?can't help（to）do sth.不能帮助干某事They couldn't help jumping up at the news. 听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。
Sorry，I can't help (to) clean the room for you.I must go at once. 对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了，我必须马上走。 I regret to tell you that all the tickets have been sold out. 我遗憾地告诉你，所有的票都卖光了。 Mary regretted telling lies to her mother. 玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。 [名师点津]
有些含有“需要”意义的动词，如：want，need，require等，其后通常接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义或接不定式的被动形式。
This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week. 这种花一星期需要浇水两次。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(read)the chapter four times，I finally understood the author's theory.
2．(warn)of danger in the street at night，she had to go home，with a friend following her.
3．He had to admit (steal)the money.
4．I don't mind his (come)back late if he doesn't wake me up. 5．Whoops！I didn't mean (step)on your toe.
相关推荐：
loading