专项训练十一 风俗文化
时间：8～10分钟/篇 分值：2分/小题
Passage 1(2018邵阳)
China is a large country. The population is over 1.3 billion. It has a special culture with a very long history.
Chinese food plays an important role for Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The main difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market.
Chinese calendar is different from the one used in western countries. New Year's Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of ringing out the old and ringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year's Day sweeps away all the old year's bad luck.
The Chinese zodiac(生肖), known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve-year cycle. Each year is named for an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2018 is the year of the monkey.
Chinese is a complex(复杂的)language. Chinese writing developed almost 4，000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character stands for a word and also a meaning. Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects．
( )1. What's the population of China? A. Almost 4，000.
B. More than 1.3 billion. C. 12 million.
( )2. The underlined “dialects” probably means “________” in Chinese.
A. 交际 B. 对话 C. 方言
( )3. According to the passage, what's one of the main foods in China? A. Tea. B. Rice. C. Meat.
( )4. The year that begins in 2018 isn't the year of the monkey, is it? A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn't. C. I don't know. ( )5. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Different foods have special meanings in Chinese culture. B. Chinese is a popular language. C. Chinese culture.
Passage 2(2018黄石)
Are you an eating-lover? Do you want to eat every delicious food in the world? Then do you watch the popular program A Bite of China? It's a TV program on Chinese delicious food which has been produced by CCTV. Is there any holiday that isn't celebrated with special festival food? Here are several traditional Chinese foods：
Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part
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of Chinese birthday celebration as a birthday cake with its candles lit in many western countries. Since noodles mean long life, it is considered very unlucky to cut it off.
Although westerners sometimes may be very sorry to see fish lying on the plate, in China a whole fish is a symbol of richness. In fact, at a party it is a tradition to serve the whole fish last, pointed towards the most valued guest. Fish also has a special meaning because the Chinese word for fish, yu, sounds like the word for richness or plenty, and it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come.
A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat Festival is Zongzi. This tasty dish is made of rice dumplings with meat, peanuts or other delicious food in bamboo leaves. The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of a great man, Qu Yuan in Chinese history.
( )1. A Bite of China is ________． A. a magazine B. a newspaper C. a film D. a TV program
( )2. According to the passage, in traditional Chinese culture, people will eat ________ on their birthdays.
A. eggs B. noodles C. fish D. cakes
( )3. Fish has a special meaning in Chinese culture mainly because ________． A. it is served last at a party
B. it is pointed to the valued guest C. it sounds like the word yu in Chinese
D. it is so delicious that all Chinese people like it
( )4. ________ in the Dragon Boat Festival make(s) us think of Qu Yuan. A. Zongzi B. Meat C. Peanuts D. Dumplings
( )5. The article mainly talks about ________． A. Chinese food B. Chinese history
C. Chinese festivals D. Chinese language
Passage 3(2018河北)
In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts(主人)and the worst guests in the world. They're not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes look rude(粗鲁的)in the eyes of Chinese guests.
In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person's home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host's way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest.
My wife's mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn't smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could
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ask, “Is it OK if I smoke？” But, don't be surprised if they say, “No, you can't smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they do not allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host.
Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt_to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift.
In China, you probably won't need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected.
( )1. Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the________ in the world. A. best B. worst
C. most natural D. most different
( )2. When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often________． A. buys some fruit B. feels like a god C. wants some gifts D. takes a cup of tea ( )3. If the writer's guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say?
A. It's OK if you smoke here. B. Let's smoke together.
C. Sorry, you can't smoke here. D. Smoking is a bad habit.
( )4. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage?
A. think back to B. get used to C. look forward to D. keep close to
( )5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese. B. Hosts must do things in the guests' way. C. Western hosts are always nice to guests. D. People should understand cultural differences. 专项训练十一 风俗文化 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。从食物、节日习俗、生肖和语言等方面介绍了中国悠久的文化。 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：中国的人口是多少？根据第一段第二句“The population is over 1.3 billion.”可知选B。
2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“dialects”的汉语意思可能是“ ”。根据本段最后一句“Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects.”可知，除了普通话，中国人还说这种语言的六种其他形式，并且有许多种方言，故选C。
3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据短文，在中国一种主要的食物是什么？根据第二段倒数第二句“One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice.”可知选B。
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