a widespread phenomenon that···
e.g. There has been a widespread phenomenon that students from rural areas find it increasingly difficult to have access to college or university education.
? Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of···
? Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in···
e.g. Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in agricultural development, where industrial technologies are being employed and new varieties of crops are being created, yet, opponents of this development have raised a number of difficult questions. From my point of view, this is a really complicated matter, and we need further investigations to understand the whole picture.
(b). 中立关系
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
It is worth mentioning that··· 值得一提的是 It is by no means certain that··· 完全不能确定的是 It is far too soon that··· 为时过早的是 It is not uncommon that··· 不足为奇的是 It is undeniable that··· 不可否认的是 It is unavoidable that 不可回避的是
It is obvious/ evident/ manifest that 明显的是
It is gradually borne in on sb that 逐渐被某人认识到 It is of great interest that··· 广为兴趣的是 It is of paramount importance that··· 首要的是 It is of great urgency that··· 刻不容缓的是
It is +副词 + suggested/argued/advised/believed that 普遍认为
? It is widely accepted that
? It is generally/commonly believed that 普遍相信的是 ? It is universally acknowledged that 众所周知的是
? It is strongly/commonly suggested recommended/ advised that 强烈建议的是
? It is sometimes argued that 有时候争论的是 ? There is/was little/no substance that ···几乎毫无/没有根据 ? It is no without substance that ···并非没有根据
表达观点的句式
? Advocates of······的支持者 ? Opponents of······的反对者
Point out/ argue/ claim声称/believe / assert断言/ declare宣称/ conceive设想 that
?
表示趋势的句型
There has been a growing trend that···
an interesting tendency that/of··· a common practice of/that··· a widespread phenomenon that··· Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of
witnessed a major transformation in ?
表示―强调某种状态在特定明显或不明显‖的句型
This is especially true if/when we consider the fact that/when it comes to/in terms of
当我们考虑··的时候，这一点尤为正确
It is not even always true that··· ···并不是总是正确的 ?
Incline to = tend to 倾向于
?
Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal) access to
获得/得到直接/自由/容易/方便/不受限制/受限制/平等/接近的机会 e.g. Men and wowen should have equal access to education and employment. ?
Be accompanied by B伴随 A
?
Be entitled to = be eligible to = be authorised to 使享有权利，使符合资格 e.g. the privately insured are entitled to special benfits such as having the choice pf their own doctors, and being able to avoide long waiting lists for hospital beds. ?
Have and will continue to 现在是并且将来也会继续···
e.g. Education has been and will continue to be central to the country’s economic performance in the 21st century.
?
Give rise to = bring about = create = generate = provoke(负面的) = evoke 引起，造成
e.g. Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace. Have/exert an influence/impact/effect on sb/sth 起···作用 Play a role in sth 扮演···角色
? 正面:Considerable/enormous/dominant/profound/crucial/beneficial(favourable)/ stablizing/pervasive/substantial/lasting/formative
相当大的/巨大的/起支配作用的/深远的/有利的/稳定的/广泛的/实际的/(对成长或发展) 重大作用
? 负面:adverse(unfavourable)/corrupting /destructive (devastating/disruptive) 不利的/腐蚀的/破坏的
Have inherent advantages/disadvantages 有内在的优点/缺点
e.g. In terms of environmental protection, exporting agricultural products by means of air transportation has its inherent disadvantages. ?
Be in a position to do 有条件去做
e.g. Because of the existence of express transport such as air freight, people in frigid zone are in a position to acquire more nutritious food and vegetable from the tropical zone. ?
Be a double-edged sword ···是一把双刃剑
?
Equip sb with sth = furnish sb with sth 装备，使有能力，向···提供 ?
Turn on = hinge on 取决于
e.g The environmental protection hinges on the actual action by the civilians. ?
A is a key determinant of B A是B的决定因素
e.g. In an individual’s career, tenacity is a key determinant of success. ?
Be an underlying factor in··· 是···潜在/隐含力量
e.g. Human curiosity is an underlying factor in the growing popularity of newspapers ?
Rely (almost exclusively) on = depend on (几乎全)依靠 e.g. Children should not always rely on parent’s help.
?
Be considered as = be think of as = be acknowledged as = be regarded as被认
为是
?
Be served/used as a brenchmark
?
It turned out that = turn out to be 证明是
E.g. the advancement of technology turns out be conducive to the mankinds. ?
Be confronted with···= In the face of ··· 面临着
e.g. be confronted with/in the face of fierce/stiff/intense competition ?
Deserve/require (careful/full/serious/sufficient/ special) consideration 需要仔细/全面/认真/足够/特别考虑
Take sth into consideration/account 考虑到， 顾及 ?
A and B are not mutually exclusive 两者并不互相排斥 e.g. This two options are not mutually exclusive. ?
Be no exception to··· 也不例外
e.g. There is no exception to this rule in modern or in accent times. ?
Does not necessarily mean 并不必然意味着 ? ···be now a commonplace··· 司空见惯的事 ?
A and B alike 两者都，同样地 ?
Reach saturation point 到达饱和程度 ?
End up + doing/ adj/ in sth 以···告终
(c). 插入语和衔接词
In essence 本质上
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