2019-2020学年人教版英语七年级下册
单元知识点总结复习
Unit 8 Is there a post office near there?
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Grammar Focus There be 句型详解
定义：There be 表示某人或某物的存在，是一种比较特殊且比较常用的句型结构，there be后接主语。
There is a dictionary on the floor. 地上有一本字典。（主语是a dictionary）
There are two hundred people in this company. 这个公司里有两百人。（主语是two hundred people） There be句型结构
基本句型：There be +表示泛指的限定词+ sb./sth. + （状语）（主语前一般不用定冠词等表示特指的词）
表示泛指的限定词包括不定冠词和不定代词等：a/an, some, any, few, a few, little, a little, many, a lot of, lots of, much… Eg:There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。
Eg:There are two girls in my family. 我的家庭里有两个女孩子。 Eg:There are fifty people in my class. 我的班里有50个人。 Eg:There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点牛奶。 Eg:There are many children on the playground. 操场上有很多孩子 2.There + will/would/may/might/can/could/must/have to/shall/should + be +表示泛指的限定词+sb./sth. + （状语）
Eg:There will be a heavy rain soon. 很快会有一场大雨。 Eg:There may be something wrong with your bike. 你的自行车可能有些问题。
Eg: There must be some mistakes. 肯定是出了什么差错。Eg:There should be a better way to do this. 作这事应当还有更好的方法。 There be句型的时态
There be一般不用于进行时态，因为进行时态强调正在进行的动作，而there be表示一种存在，是状态。以下为there be句型的不同时态：
一般现在时： There + is/are +…
Eg:There is a banana on the table. 桌上有一条香蕉。 Eg:There is an umbrella behind the door. 门后有一把伞。 Eg:There are a few books in the bag. 包里有一些书。 Eg:There are many fish in the lake. 湖里有很多鱼。 一般过去时： There + was/were +…
Eg:There was a banana on the table. 桌上曾有一条香蕉。 Eg:There was an umbrella behind the door. 门后曾有一把伞。 Eg:There were a few books in the bag. 包里曾有一些书。 Eg:There were many fish in the lake. 湖里曾有很多鱼。 一般将来时： There + will be (is/are going to be) +… Eg:There will be a banana on the table. 桌上将有一条香蕉。 Eg:There will be a few books in the bag. 包里将有一些书。 Eg:There is going to be a meeting. 将会有一场会议。
Eg:There are going to be English classes tomorrow. 明天会有英语课。
现在完成时：There has/have been +…
Eg:There has been a decrease in the number of crimes. 犯罪的数量
有所减少。
Eg:There has been a problem with the machine. 这机器有个问题。 Eg:There have been great changes in this town. 这个镇发生了一些巨大的变化。
Eg:There have been some misunderstandings here. 这里有一些误解。
过去完成时：There had been +…
Eg:There had been a decrease in the number of crimes. 犯罪的数量有所减少。
Eg:There had been a problem with the machine. 这机器有个问题。 Eg:There had been great changes in this town. 这个镇发生了一些巨大的变化。
Eg:There had been some misunderstandings here. 这里有一些误解。 There be句型的转换 陈述句变否定句
There be句型的否定形式： There be +not +…
There be + no +… （no可直接修饰“可数名词单数/可数名词复数/不可数名词”）
Eg:There is a book on the table. →
There isn’t a book on the table. 桌上没有书。 There is no book on the table. 桌上没有书。 Eg:There are many apples on the table.→
There aren’t many apples on the table. 桌上的苹果不多。 There are no apples on the table. 桌上没有苹果。 Eg:There is some tea in the glass.→
There isn’t any tea in the glass. 玻璃杯里没有茶。 There is no tea in the glass. 玻璃杯里没有茶。 陈述句变一般疑问句
There be句型的疑问句形式：将be动词或助动词移到句首，句尾加上问号即可。
Eg:There is a book on the table. → Is there a book on the table?
Eg:There are many children on the playground.→ Are there many children on the playground? Eg:There was an umbrella behind the door. → Was there an umbrella behind the door? Eg:There were a few books in the bag. Were there a few books in the bag? Eg:There will be a show tomorrow. → Will there be a show tomorrow? Eg:There is going to be a meeting. → Is there going to be a meeting?
Eg:There have been great changes in this town. → Have there been great changes in this town? Eg:There had been a problem with the machine. → Had there been a problem with the machine? There be句型的一般疑问句的回答举例： Eg:--Is there a book on the table?
---Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. Eg:Were there a few books in the bag? ---Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. Eg:---Will there be a show tomorrow? ---Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.
Eg:Have there been great changes in this town? ---Yes, there have./No, there haven’t.
3. 对There be句型中的内容进行提问的特殊疑问句
A． 对主语提问：若主语是人，用who提问；若主语是物，用what提问；提问时，无论原句主语是单数或复数，更多语法精品解析请搜索汪星人英语提问时be动词都用单数形式（回答时仍根据实际情况而定）
Eg:There is a book on the table.→ What is on the table? Eg:There are apples on the tree. →What is on the tree? Eg:There is a student in the room.→ Who is in the room? Eg:There are policemen in the house. → Who is in the house? B.对主语数量提问：
若主语是可数名词，无论单复数，都用：How many +可数名词复数 + are there + （状语）
若主语是可数名词，则用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there +（状语）
Eg:There is a bed in the room.
→How many beds are there in the room? Eg:There are fifty people in the classroom. → How many people are there in the classroom? Eg:There is some money in the bag. → How much money is there in the bag? Eg:There is a lot of water in the river. → How much water is there in the river?
4. there be 结构的反意疑问句，用there进行反问
Eg:There is still a lot for us to do, isn’t there? 我们仍有很多事要做，不是吗？
Eg:There are many things to be considered, aren’t there? 有许多事要考虑，不是吗？
Eg:There won’t be any more interruptions, will there? 将不会再被打断了，不是吗？ There be结构的主谓一致
1. 若主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词，be动词用单数；若主语是复数可数名词，be动词用复数
Eg:There is a boy at the door.门口有个男孩子。
Eg:There is some orange juice in the fridge.冰箱里有些橙汁。 Eg:There are some dogs in the street.大街上有一些狗。
2. 若含几个并列主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于与be动词最接近的主语
Eg:There is a table and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。
Eg:There are four students and a teacher in the classroom. 房间里有四个学生和一个老师 There be 与have的区别
There be 强调某地存在某物；have强调所有和所属关系，强调某人或某物拥有某物
Eg:There is a cat at the door. 门口有一只猫。（表明猫在门口） Eg:I have a cat. 我有一只猫。（表明猫是我的）
Eg:There are flowers in the garden. 花园里有花。（表明花在花园里）Eg:I have flowers. 我有花。（表明花是我的） ?
词型转换 1.near反义词: far 2.across动词：cross 名词：crossing 3.front反义词：back 4.north形容词：northern 5.right反义词：left/wrong 6.enjoy第三人称单数：enjoys 7.easily形容词：easy 8.free反义词：busy ?
本单元短语
1. There is/are + (a/an/the) +n./ n.复数 1.post office邮局 2. police station 警察局 3. pay phone付电话费
4. near here=around here在这附近 5. on Bridge Street 在大桥街上
6.be across from/behind/in front of/between..and.../next to 在……的旁边
6. How can I help you?=Can I help you?=What can I do for you?我能帮助你么？ 7. in town 在城里 8. be far from 距...远 9. can+V原
10. Is it near the police station? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. 11. any(否、疑问句) some (肯定句，婉转请求句) 12. go along=go down 沿着……走 13. turn left/right 向右转/ 向左转 14. on the left /right在右边/在左边 15. When you see the library
16. at the first crossing 在第一个十字路口 16. in the neighborhood
17. like to do sth like doing sth 18. spend time with sb. spend doing 19. on weekends=on the weekend 20. watch sb. doing sth 21. look like=be like 22. to get there 23. walk out
24. near a supermarket 25. at the park
26. the clean air and sunshine 27. the best things in life
28. have to do sth has to do sth 29. cross the street= go across the street 30. a clothes store 31. my favorite place 32. enjoy doing sth 33. read books 34. Time goes quickly! 35. get to the library easily 36. need money need to do sth 37. Do you think so? 38. on school days 39. play Chinese chess 40. Be good at doing sth 41. One of the people 42. ask sb to do sth. 43. It’s relaxing to do sth. ?
单元语言知识精讲
1. Is there a hospital near here? 这附近有医院吗？
【1】There be 句型变成一般疑问句时要将be提到there 之前，
肯定回答： Yes, there is/are 否定回答： No, there isn’t/ aren’t — Is there a library in your school? — Yes, _____. A. it is B. they are C. there is D. there are
2.The pay phone is across from the library. 付费电话在图书馆对面
【解析1】pay phone 投币式公用电话
pay v 支付，付钱 pay for +物 “付钱买某物” pay + 钱+for +物 “付多少钱买某物 She pays 5 yuan for the books. 【解析2】方位介词的用法：
★across from …在……对面，后接地点名词或代词。 There is a bank______ ______(在对面) the library. 【拓展】The pay phone is next to the library.
★next to 在…..旁边，靠近……后接地点名词或代词。
①The pay phone is ______ ______(紧挨着) the library.
★between…and…在…和…之间（两者之间） She is sitting ______Lily and Lucy.
A. near B. next to C. between D. across from
The pay phone is in front of the library .公用电话在图书馆的前面 ★in front of 在……前面（范围之外） in the front of 在…..前面（范围之内）
①The hotel is ____the bank.
Tom sits _____the classroom and listens to the teacher carefully
A. in the front of B. in front of C. in the front D .in front 3. Where’s the hospital? 医院在哪儿？ Where +be+地点“….在哪儿“
“_______ is the hotel?” “It’s near the bank. A. How B. Who C. Where D. What 4. Hi, excuse me. 嗨，打扰一下 Excuse me 打扰了，对不起
用法：因询问事情，打扰别人而表示歉意时的用语，常用在问路之前。
sorry 对不起 因做错事，说错话时向别人道歉时的用语。 ( )— ______,could you tell me the way to the bank?
A. Hello B. Excuse me C. Hi D. Sorry 5. You’re welcome 不客气 当别人向你道谢时的应答语。
表示不用谢的用语还有：That’s all right /Not at all /It’s a pleasure.
5. on Center Street 在中心街 On North Street 在北街 【解析】表示“在……街道” 用介词on — Is there a hotel ___ the neighborhood? — Yes, It’s ______ Center Street _____ the right.
A. on; on; in B. in; on ; in C. in; on ; on D. in; down ; in 6. 如何问路：
向别人问路可用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句两种句型： (1) 一般疑问句：
①Is there a post office near here? 这附近有邮局吗？
② Can you tell me the way to the post office?你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？
③Do you know the way to the post office? 你知道去旅馆的路吗？
【注意】回答上述句子时因是一般疑问句，故先作肯定回答，然后告知前往所询问的地点的方位与路线。 (2) 特殊疑问句：
① Where is the post office? 邮局在哪儿？
② How can I get to the post office? 我怎样到医院？
③ Which is the way to the post office? 去邮局的路是那一条？ 【注意】：回答上述句子时，均需对方对所在方位或所走路线直接给出明确的指示。 It’s next to… 它挨着……
It’s between …and… 它在……和……之间 It’s across from … 它在……的对面
______ can I get to the post office? Go down this street and turn left.
A. How B. What C. Where D. When
7.Just go along Bridge Street and turn left/ right when you see the library.
沿着桥街走，看到图书馆时向右拐
【解析1】go along = go down “沿着……走下去” 【解析2】turn v 转动 turn right /left 向右转/左转 It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 It’s down Bridge Street____ _____ _____(向右拐). on the right/left 在右边/左边
The hotel is down Bridge Street ____the right. A. in B. on C. at D. To
8. I like to spend time there on weekends. 我喜欢在那里度过周末
【解析】spend v “花费(时间、钱等)” ,其主语通常是人。 (1) sb. spend +(时间/钱) + on sth 某人在……上花费时间/钱 He spent fifty dollars on these books.
(2) sb. spend +时间/ 钱 + (in ) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事eg：I spent two days reading the book.
My grandpa often spends an hour ____ in the park every day. A. exercise B. to exercise C. exercising D. exercises 9. clean v 打扫 adj. 干净的(反) dirty 脏的
①We often _______(clean) the classroom. ②Tom’s room is not dirty.
A .big B. clean C. old D. quiet 10. at the first crossing 在第一个十字路口 There are some restaurants _____.
A. on the first crossing B. at the first crossing C. in the one crossing D. at first crossing
11.busy adj. 忙的be busy doing sth=be busy with sth 忙于做某事
①He is busy _____________(do) his homework. ②The zoo is _____ this weekend.
A. busy B. free C. easy D. difficult 12.It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.
那里很安静， 我喜欢在那里看书
【解析】enjoy v 喜欢 →enjoyable adj. 高兴的 enjoy sth 喜欢某物 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴
①Tom enjoys _____________(play) soccer.
②Jim and Sunsan enjoy________________(watch) TV . ③Do you enjoy _____English in our class ,Mr. Green?
A. teach B. teaches C. to teach D. teaching
④They have fun at the party.
A. have a good time B. play C. like D. have interests 13.cross = go across 穿过（指从物体的表面穿过，如 马路） through 穿过（指物体的中间穿过）
①Go ______(cross) the bridge and you’ll find it on the left. ② I often take a walk _______ the park on Second Avenue.
A. across B. through C. pass D. cross 14.let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 Let me ________(help) you. let’s do sth 让我们一起做某事 Let’s ________(go) to school. 15.tell v 告诉
tell sb. about sth 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb. to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. not to do sth 告诉某人不要去做某事 16.the way to +地点 去….的路 Can you tell me the way to the post office?
17.interest n 兴趣 interested adj. 感兴趣的（指人，主语是人）interesting adj. 有趣的（指物，做表语/定语,主语是物） be interested in 对…..感兴趣
①That book is _______(interest) . ②That is an ________(interest) book.
I am ____________(interest) in English.
18. I love to watch the monkeys climbing around. 我喜欢看猴子到处爬。
watch sb. doing sth 看见某人做某事（强调正在进行的动作） watch sb. do sth 看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程）19.单词辨析：across\\cross\\through\\over 四者都可译为“穿过”。 （1）across是介词，表示从物体的表面穿过，即穿过一个平面 （2）cross是动词，相当于go across
（3）through是介词，指从物体的中间或里面穿过
（4）over是介词，译为“横过，越过”，表示从物体的上空越过，
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