SAMPLE TEST
THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES
PAPER ONE
PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and
mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.
A. post B. status C. position D. place
2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of
___________ archaeological research. A. legible B. legitimate C. legislative D. illicit
3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.
A. end B. hand C. core D. best
4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development. A. impeded B. imparted C. implored D. implemented
5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life. A. spell out B. call upon C. fall over D. resort to
6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.
A. grossly B. severely C. rapidly D. drastically
7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place
to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.
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A. elitism C. eminence B. eloquence D. etiquette
8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy
were _____________ in many parts of it. A. altered B. criticized C. incorporated D. translated
9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.
A. over B. with C. down D. through
10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more
____________ about their quality of life. A. discriminating B. distributing C. disagreeing D. disclosing
11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them.
A. find fault with B. make the most of C. look down upon D. get even with
12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition. A. impressive B. evasive C. intensive D. exhaustive
13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation
to another will come to an end. A. intolerance B. pessimism C. injustice D. antagonism
14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade
teacher having taught certain things. A. count B. insist C. fall D. dwell
15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their __________ and ran into the elevator.
A. hearts B. tempers C. heads D. senses
16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every
cheat in the marketplace.
A. at the mercy of C. by courtesy of
B. in lieu of
D. for the price of
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17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value
of the _________ Singapore pension. A. equivalent B. similar C. consistent D. identical
18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.
A. honestly B. graciously C. coherently D. flexibly
19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference
from life.
A. significance in B. imagination at C. resemblance to D. predominance over
20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.
A. shout down B. get round C. comply with D. pass over
PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the
opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons,anddwindling resources will bringinternational tensions to dangerous levels for anextended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reasonfor these levels of danger to subside unlesspopulation equilibrium is 22 and some roughmeasure of fairness reached in the distributionofwealthamongnations. 23of adequatemagnitude imply a willingness to redistributeincome internationallyon a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidencedwithintheirown domains.The required increases in 25 in the backward regionswould necessitategigantic applications ofenergy merely to extract the 26 resources.
It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producingtechnologyexists,and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to thethresholdofan irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous additionof manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the mostdemanding and difficult of the challenges. Theexisting 30 of industrialgrowth, with noallowance for increased industrialization torepair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change inas 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growthwill 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literallyconsume human, perhaps alllife. The terrifying outcome can be postponedonly to the extent that the wastage of heat canbe reduced, 35 that technologies that do notadd to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, theuseof solar energy—canbe utilized. (1996)
21. A. one B. it C. this D. there 22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed
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23.A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts 24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range 25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome 26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing 27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably 28. A. in B. with C. as D. to 29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last 30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace 31. A. on B. up C. down D. out 32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little 33. A. rather B.hardly C. then D. yet 34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track 35. A. if B. or C. while D. as
PART III READING COMPREHENSION Section A (60 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each
question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event. A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective.
The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base.
As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.
36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________.
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A. finding the most important cause for a particular historical event B. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpreted
C. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical event D. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive
37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.
A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an event
B. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the event C. determining the common strands that make up a historical event
D. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value
38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be ______________.
A. combining elements of different material into a unified whole B. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an event C. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an event
D. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself
39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit” of a time period because ____________.
A. the events in history are more important than the people who make history B. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical events
C. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular action D. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base
40. Which of the following statements would the author consider false?
A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors. B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses. C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history. D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.
Passage 2
When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—notan easy task for a large department.
Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos.
A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can’t predict just when a police car will pass through a particular area.
(Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.)
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