Lesson 27 A wet night 词汇学习
★ late 迟的, 晚的, 末期的, 最近的, 已故的
later 后来, 稍后, 不久； 更迟的, 后面的
latest 最近的,最新的,最后的；形容词late的最高级形式
★ put 放置
put aside 保留；把…放在一边，暂不考虑 put away 放好，收好 put back 恢复正常；把…放回原处 put down 记下
put forward 提出(要求、事实等) put off 推迟，推延 put on 穿上,戴上；上演；增加(体重) put up with 容忍，忍受
put out 关(灯)；熄灭；出版，发布；伸出；生产 put into practice 实施，实行 put up 举起；提高；建造 ；张贴 put into effect 实行,生效
put through 为…接通电话，接通(电话) put...in place把…放在合适的位置 put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行
★ tent 帐篷 tend 1. (to)趋向, 易于, 朝向 2.照料, 照管 ★ field n. 田地，田野
airfield 飞机场（介词用on） airport 机场 in the field 实地, 野外, 在战地, 在作战, 在参加比赛 in one's field 在...领域 He is an expert in his field. football field 足球场地
★ as soon as 一…就… 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的。
As soon as the thief saw the policeman, he ran away.
表示“一?就?” as soon as， hardly…when…， no sooner…than…
这三个短语都有“一??就”、“刚刚??就”的意思，它们的意思非常相近，因此有时可以互换。 例如：“我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。”一句，就可以有如下几句译法： As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
no sooner...（主句） than... （从句）引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,\后面的从句用一般过去时. 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来 No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
hardly ...（主句） when （从句） 意思为:\还没...就...\ 主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时 例: We had hardly gotten there when it began to rain. 我们还没到那儿,天就下起雨了.
(主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时)
Hardly...when...也常放在句首 同样主句也需要倒装 例: Hardly had we gotten there when it began to rain.
★ as … as possible 尽可能的** as soon / quick / fast / slowly as possible 尽可能的快/慢 ★ over 介词 prep.
1. 在...之上,在正上方
We live over a small bookstore. 我们住在一家小书店的楼上。 2. (覆盖)在...上面
We spread a carpet over the floor. 我们给地板铺上了地毯。 3. 越过...
A plane flew over the house. 一架飞机飞过了房子。
★ by 介词 prep.
1. 被,由
The homework was assigned by the teacher. 这些家庭作业是老师布置的。 2. 靠,用,通过
They crossed the river by ferry. 他们乘渡船过了河。 3. 在...旁边,靠近;在...手边
I haven't got any money by me. 我身边没有带钱。 4. 不迟于;在...之前
We had to get there by evening. 我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。 5. 根据,按照
How do you know he didn't act by the rules? 你怎么知道他没有按规定行事?
★ creep (crept crept) vi.蹑手蹑脚地走, 爬, 渐渐出现, 蔓延, 毛骨悚然 n.卑鄙小人, 爬,徐行,蠕动 ★ soundly adv.完全地, 健全地, 坚牢地, 香甜地
sound n.声音 v.听起来
★ wake (sb.) up / awake 醒
go to bed / sleep / fall asleep / be asleep 睡觉
★ begin / start to do sth. begin / start doing 开始做某事
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4) 物作主语时
It began to melt 它开始融化。
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事 stop doing停止做某事
★ be full of / be filled with 充满…… ★ wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
The path winds its way to the top of the mountain. 这条小路蜿蜒通向山顶。
★ across prep.穿过, 横过, 在对面 adv.横过, 穿过
例句: The drunk man staggered across the room. 那个醉汉摇摇晃晃地穿过房间。
Can you swim across the river? 你能游到河的对岸吗？
★ right
形容词 a.
1. 右的,右边的,右侧的
the right bank of the river 河的右岸 2. 正当的,对的,正义的[+to-v]
The editors were right to refuse this article. 编辑们不接受这篇文章是有道理的。 3. 正确的,准确的[(+in)]
She was right in her answer. 她答对了。 4. 适当的,恰当的,适合的
She is the right person for the position. 她是那个职位的合适人选。 副词 ad.
1. 向右,向右方,向右侧 2. 正确地,无误地;恰当地 He guessed right. 他猜得不错。 3. 不偏不倚地,正好;恰好,就
Your glasses are right here on the table. 你的眼镜就在这儿桌子上。 4. 直接地;径直地
Go right to the end of this street and then turn left. 一直走到这条街的尽头,然后左转
语法知识
★ 被动语态：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
一、主动语态变被动语态的方法：
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动 要变化 不变化
主动语态： A + V. + B.
被动语态： B. + be + V.-ed + by + A 二、几种常用时态的被动语态：
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are sold in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词
肯定句：China was liberated in 1949. 否定句：China was not liberated in 1949. 疑问句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be given by Jack tomorrow. 否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack. 疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No, it won't. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being + 过去分词
肯定句：A car is being driven now. 否定句：A car is not being driven now. 疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 5.现在完成时：have/has + been + 过去分词
肯定句：A road has been built by the government. 否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government. 疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't. 6.情态动词：情态动词+ be + 过去分词
1. This clock can be repaired here. 2. The trees may be planted at other times of the year. 3. The composition must be handed in after class. 4. The young trees should be planted in spring. 三、含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构： 当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前加to或for. 1. My mother gave me a pencil. 2. Father bought me a new coat.
---I was given a pencil by my mother. / --- A pencil was given to me …. ---I was bought a new coat. / ---A new coat was bought for me.
五、含介词短语动词变为被动结构不可漏掉介词：
You must hand in the exercise-books tomorrow. ---The exercise-books must be handed in tomorrow.
六、在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟省略to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。此用法还有 hear / watch / make / let sb. do sth. 等结构。
I see her dance every day. ---- She is seen to dance every day (by me)
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