烟台大学化学工程与工艺课程设计
目录
一工艺流程图与基础数据的搜集………………………………3 二 精馏塔的物料衡算 …………………………………………5
1.原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分数….......................................................5 2.原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的平均摩尔质量...................................................5 3.物料衡算原料处理量.......................................................................................5
三 塔板数的确定 ………………………………………………6
1.理论板层数NT的求取....................................................................................6 2.实际板层数的求取...........................................................................................7
四 精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算 ………………7
1.操作压力计算...................................................................................................7
2.操作温度计算...................................................................................................8 3.平均摩尔质量计算...........................................................................................8 4.平均密度计算...................................................................................................8 5.液相平均表面张力计算...................................................................................9 6.液相平均粘度计算...........................................................................................10
五 精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算 ………………………………10
1. 精馏段塔径的计算.........................................................................................10 2. 提馏段塔径的计算.........................................................................................11 3. 精馏塔有效高度计算.....................................................................................12
六 塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算 …………………………………12
㈠精馏段
1.溢流装置计算...................................................................................................12
2.塔板布置...........................................................................................................13
㈡提馏段
1.溢流装置计算...................................................................................................14
2.塔板布置...........................................................................................................14
七 筛板的流体力学验算 ………………………………………16
㈠精馏段
1.塔板压降...........................................................................................................16 2.液面落差...........................................................................................................17 3.液沫夹带...........................................................................................................17 4.漏液...................................................................................................................17 5.液泛...................................................................................................................17 ㈡提馏段
1.塔板压降...........................................................................................................17
1
烟台大学化学工程与工艺课程设计
2.液面落差............................................................................................................18 3.液沫夹带............................................................................................................18 4.漏液....................................................................................................................19 5.液泛....................................................................................................................19
八 塔板负荷性能图 ……………………………………………19
㈠精馏段
1.漏液线................................................................................................................19
2.液沫夹带线........................................................................................................20 3.液相负荷下限线................................................................................................20 4.液相负荷上限线............................................................................................... 21 5.液泛线................................................................................................................21
㈡提馏段
1.漏液线................................................................................................................22
2.液沫夹带线........................................................................................................23 3.液相负荷下限线................................................................................................23 4.液相负荷上限线................................................................................................24 5.液泛线................................................................................................................24
九 热量衡算﹑换热器及管道选取………………………………26
1.塔顶冷凝器.........................................................................................................26 2塔釜再沸器.........................................................................................................28
3进料预热器.........................................................................................................30 4塔顶产品冷凝器.................................................................................................31 5塔底产品冷凝器.................................................................................................33 6离心泵的选择.....................................................................................................35
十 设计一览表……………………………………………………35 十一 参考文献……………………………………………………36 附图………………………………………………………………...37
2
烟台大学化学工程与工艺课程设计
一工艺流程图与基础数据的搜集
下图是板式塔的简略图
表1 苯和甲苯的物理性质 项目 苯A 甲苯B 温度C 0分子式 C6H6 C6H5—CH3 80.1 101.33 40.0 0分子量M 78.11 92.13 85 116.9 46.0 沸点（℃） 80.1 110.6 90 155.7 63.3 95 155.7 63.3 临界温度t（℃） C288.5 318.57 100 179.2 74.3 临界压强PC（kPa） 6833.4 4107.7 表2 苯和甲苯的饱和蒸汽压 105 204.2 86.0 110.6 240.0 PA,kPa PB，kPa 00表3 常温下苯—甲苯气液平衡数据 温度C 80.1 85 90 0.581 0.777 95 0.412 0.630 100 18.8 19.5 3
100 0.258 0.456 110 17.5 18.4 105 0.130 0.262 110.6 0 0 120 16.2 17.3 液相中苯的摩尔分率 1.000 0.780 汽相中苯的摩尔分率 1.000 0.900 温度 苯，mN/m 甲苯，Mn/m 80 21.2 21.7 90 20 20.6 表4 纯组分的表面张力 烟台大学化学工程与工艺课程设计
表5 组分的液相密度 温度(℃) 苯,kg/m3 甲苯,kg/m3 温度(℃) 苯（mPa.s） 80 0.308 80 814 809 90 0.279 0.286 90 805 100 791 110 778 780 110 0.233 0.254 120 763 768 120 0.215 0.228 801 791 表6 液体粘度μL
100 0.255 0.264 甲苯（mPa.s） 0.311 表7常压下苯——甲苯的气液平衡数据 温度t ℃ 110.56 109.91 108.79 107.61 105.05 102.79 100.75 98.84 97.13 95.58 94.09 92.69 91.40 90.11 87.63 86.52 85.44 84.40 83.33 82.25 81.11 80.66 80.21 80.01 液相中苯的摩尔分率 x 0.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 97.0 99.0 100.0
4
气相中苯的摩尔分率 y 0.00 2.50 7.11 11.2 20.8 29.4 37.2 44.2 50.7 56.6 61.9 66.7 71.3 75.5 82.5 85.7 88.5 91.2 93.6 95.9 98.0 98.8 99.61 100.0
相关推荐：
loading