加油，少年！努力学习吧
向世界展示他们的技能 such an event 这样的活动
make friends with sb 和某人交朋友 a college student 大学生
a primary school teacher 小学教师
keep in touch (with ----) (和……)保持联系 in a mountain area 在山区
give him books to read 给他书看 at community centre 在社区中心 take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 sb with serious disease 有严重疾病的人 expect (sb ) to do sth 期待(某人) 做某事 be similar to ----与……相似 be confident in ----对……有信心 achieve/ realize one’s dream 实现梦想 donate sth to ----捐……给…… raise sth for ----为……筹集…… Project Hope 希望工程
do / perform an operation on sb 给某人做手术 =operate on sb
win (the) first prize 获得第一名 =come first be close to ---靠近…… 三、主要语言点和语法
1. It is + adj. + to do sth
2. It is + adj. +for sb + to do sth =Doing sth is +adj. for sb .
形容词表示动词不定式所具备的特征或客观情况，描述的是事情如：hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible , useful, useless, boring, exciting，介词for的宾语是动作的逻辑主语
3. It is + adj.+of sb + to do sth =Sb is +adj. (+enough ) to do sth .
形容词描述的是人的特征、品质等，如：
brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong, right, bad, strong, kind ,nice, wise, selfish, generous, careful, careless
( unit 7)
一、词形变化
specially—especially educate—education interview—interviewer blind—blindness most—mostly medicine—medical traet—treatment operate—operation proud—pride develop—development include—including India—Indian organize—organization—organied
read—reader hold—held secret—secretary office—officer 二、重点短语
can / can’t afford sth 没有/ 有足够的钱买某物 can/ can’t afford to do sth 没有/ 有足够的钱做某事 go to hospital 去看病 see the doctor 看病
on board 在飞机 ( 船/ 车等 )上 carry on with sth 继续某事 caarry on doing sth 继续做某事 hand---out 分发，提出 hand ---in 上交……
it doesn’t matter 不要紧，没关系 =never mind
set up 成立，建立，设立
make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下定决心 (做某事)
worry about ----担心……
international charities 国际慈善机构 all over/ around the world 全世界 work for the equal rights 为了平等权利而工作
provide basic education 提供基础教育 have a check 检查
keep asking oneself 不停地/ 不断地问自己 get/ have (a) toothache 牙疼
hold a charity show 举行一次慈善演出 medical treatment 医疗
prevent the spread of diseases 阻止疾病的扩散
too weak to walk/ go any further （身体）太弱不能前行
be proud of ----- 为……感到自豪 be the pride of ----是……的骄傲
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牛津英语8B 单元复习要点
加油，少年！努力学习吧
developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家
what’s the matter ( with sb ) ?怎么啦？=what’s wrong ?
have an interview with sb 采访某人 do/ perform an operation 做手术 be used as a training centre 被用作培训中心
使用主格，主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语须用宾格;
④ 被动句注意主谓一致的原则
被动句中的谓语动词与主语须保持人称和数的一致。
5. 使用被动语态的注意点：
①感官动词、使役动词等在主动语态中后接零动词不定式变成被动语态时要加上“to”
be used to do sth / for doing sth 被用来做某事
be used to sth/ doing 习惯于某事/ 做某事 hope to become/ be a teacher 希望成为一名教师 on the farm 在农场上 all day ( long) 整天
the conditions of the local people 当地人的情况
be afraid of sb/ sth / doing 害怕…… train as a nurse 培训成一名护士 drive to work 开车上班 attend courses 上课 make noise 吵闹
nothing serious 不严重
take medicine after meals 饭后服药 in a few days
the United Nations 联合国 the Students’ Union 学生会 many millions of -----数百万的
三、主要语言点和语法
被动语态
1. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被
动语态句子的谓语部分由助动词be +动词的过去分词,其中，助动词be来体现时态的变化。
2. 一般现在时态的被动语态构成：S(主
语）+am/is /are +v-ed
3. 一般过去时态的被动语态的构成：
was/were+ v-ed
4. 主动语态变被动语态的注意点：
①主动和被动时态一致原则, 主动句在改为被动句时，须注意时态一致;
②注意主动句和被动句中主语与宾语“格”的变化
③ 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语须
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即：----see/hear/notice sb. do sth.变为了 sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth. ----let/make/have sb. do sth.变为了sb. be let/made/had to do sth. ② 双宾语结构变为被动语态的两种情况：
1）常把间接宾语即（sb）变为主语 2）若把直接宾语(即sth.)变为被动句的主语时，常在保留宾语前加to或for。 ③主动语态中“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的短语动词变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
④请注意以下几种不用被动语态的情况： a. 不及物动词（vi）没有被动语态, 下
列动词直接用主动语态表示被动意义。如：happen, cost, die, fall ,start/begin, rise, appear, disappear， etc.
What happened to him yesterday?
b. 联系动词（linking V）没有被动语
态（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay, sound, feel, smell, taste等），只能用系表结构，注意与被动语态的区别。 My bike is broken. She seemed very angry.
c. 一些短语动词相当于不及物动词，
没有被动结构, 直接用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： take place, set out, come true, break out, break down, come out, belong to 等
Our school sports meeting will take place next week.
I hope his dream will come true.
d. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当
他们与well, badly, easily等副词连
加油，少年！努力学习吧
用时表示主语内在品质或性能，无被动形式。 This kind of bike sells well. My pen writes well.
e.在need doing 结构与be worth doing 结构中，主语与doing动作之间是动宾关系，主语即动作的对象。
My bike needs repairing .
=My bike needs to be repaired. This book is well worth reading.
牛津英语8B 单元复习要点
( unit 8)
一、词形变化
dig—dug serious—seriously limit—limitied wise—wisely—wisdom recycle—recycling produce—product difficult—difficulty different—difference empty—full
pollute—polluted—pollution simple—simply harm—harmful—harmless power—powerful care—careful—careless—carefully— carelessly—carelessness
二、重点短语
turn ---on/ off
打开/ 关上（电视/灯/电脑等） turn ---up/ down
开打，调高（音量等）/关小，调低 cut---down 砍倒
depend on/ upon----依靠，取决于…… run out / use ---up用完，耗尽
make a (big/ no/ some / much) difference (to ----) (对……)
有 (大/没有/ 一些/很大) 影响
do harm to ----对……不好，有害于…… =be harmful to
be good / bad for ----对……有益/ 有害 in place 在正确的位置
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing 允许做某事
care about 担心，在乎，关注 reduce air pollution 减少空气污染 take shorter showers 缩短淋浴时间 save energy 节约能量
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drive me to school 开车送我上学 take the underground 乘地铁
more and more families 越来越多的家庭 keep it that way 那样保持下去 be separated into different groups 被分成不同的小组
new types of energy 新型能源 so that ----以便，为了…… drop litter 丢垃圾 in the future 在将来
clean ---up 把……清除干净 as well as ----不仅……而且 living things 生物
think about----考虑，思考 think ----over 仔细考虑
make the world a better place 让世界更美好 brush teeth 刷牙
use both sides of the paper 用纸的两面 do a survey 调查
keep soil in place 保持水土 read through 通读，读一遍 as a result 结果
throw ---away 扔掉…… if possible 如果可能的话 be in use 投入使用 plastic bags 塑料袋
do/ take more exercise 多锻炼 watch less TV 少看电视
change for the worse 恶化，每况愈下 follow the steps 按照步骤，采取这几步 in order to do 为了…… develop a green lifestyle 养成一种绿色生活方式 三、主要语言点和语法
1.一般将来时的被动语态 will/ shall be + v-ed
is/ am/ are going to be +v-ed 但要注意在if (如果)，when, before, after, as soon as, until 等引导的状语从句中须用一般现在时表示将来的动作； 2. 被动语态中常用的特殊句型 It’s said that -----据说……
It’s reported that---- 据报道……
It’s known to all that -----众所周知的……
加油，少年！努力学习吧
3. 注意下列结构的区别
be + v-ing 主动语态中进行时态的谓语动词，主语是动作的执行者, be 是助动词，无词义，不需要翻译
be + to do 动词不定式充当表语，be 是系动词，需翻译成“是”
3. be +v-ed 被动语态中的谓语动词，主语是动作的承受者, be 是助动词，无词义，不需要翻译
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